Nyuma y'imyaka hafi icumi ari ku buyobozi bw'ishyirahamwe rikomeye cyane ku isi, Umunyamabanga Mukuru w'Umuryango w'Ubumwe bw'u Burayi yiteguye kwegukana umwanya.
Ibimenyetso bishya byashyizwe ahagaragara n'Ubufaransa ku wa gatatu bihuza neza ubutegetsi bwa Siriya n'igitero cy'ubumara cyo ku ya 4 Mata cyahitanye abantu barenga 80, barimo abana benshi, kandi byatumye Perezida Donald Trump ategeka igitero ku birindiro by'indege za Siriya.
Ibimenyetso bishya byashyizwe ahagaragara n'Ubufaransa ku wa gatatu bihuza neza ubutegetsi bwa Siriya n'igitero cy'ubumara cyo ku ya 4 Mata cyahitanye abantu barenga 80, barimo abana benshi, kandi byatumye Perezida Donald Trump ategeka igitero ku birindiro by'indege za Siriya.
Ibimenyetso bishya, biri muri raporo y'amapaji atandatu yateguwe n'ubutasi bw'Abafaransa, ni byo bivugwa ku mugaragaro ko Siriya yakoreshejwe ikoreshwa ry'umuti wica wa sarin mu gitero cyagabwe ku mujyi wa Khan Sheikhoun.
Raporo y'Abafaransa itera gushidikanya ku byerekeye ishingiro ry'amasezerano y'amateka y'intwaro za kirimbuzi hagati ya Amerika n'Uburusiya yasinywe mu mpera za 2013 na Minisitiri w'Ububanyi n'Amahanga wa Amerika, John Kerry, na Minisitiri w'Ububanyi n'Amahanga w'Uburusiya, Sergei Lavrov. Ayo masezerano afatwa nk'uburyo bwiza bwo gukuraho gahunda y'intwaro za kirimbuzi za Siriya "zatangajwe". Ubufaransa kandi bwavuze ko Siriya imaze igihe ishaka kubona toni mirongo za inzoga ya isopropyl, ikintu cy'ingenzi muri sarin, kuva mu 2014, nubwo mu Ukwakira 2013 hifujwe ko izasenya intwaro zayo za kirimbuzi.
Iyo nyandiko igira iti: “Isuzuma ry’Abafaransa rigaragaza ko hakiri gushidikanya gukomeye ku kuri, ibisobanuro birambuye n’ukuri kw’ikurwaho ry’intwaro za kirimbuzi zo muri Siriya. By’umwihariko, Ubufaransa bwemera ko nubwo Siriya yiyemeje gusenya ububiko bwose n’ibikoresho byayo, yakomeje kugira ubushobozi bwo gukora cyangwa kubika Sarin.”
Ibyavuye mu bushakashatsi bw'Ubufaransa, bishingiye ku bipimo by'ibidukikije byakusanyijwe i Khan Sheikhoun n'amaraso yakuwe mu baguye ku munsi w'igitero, bishyigikira ibivugwa na Amerika, Ubwongereza, Turukiya na OPCW ko gazi ya Sarin yakoreshejwe i Khan Sheikhoun.
Ariko Abafaransa barushaho kurenza aho, bavuga ko ubwoko bwa sarin bwakoreshejwe mu gitero cyagabwe kuri Khan Sheikhoun ari bwo bwoko bwa sarin bwakusanyijwe mu gihe cya gitero cya guverinoma ya Siriya ku mujyi wa Sarakib ku ya 29 Mata 2013. Nyuma y'iki gitero, Ubufaransa bwakiriye kopi ya gerenade itaraturitse irimo mililitiro 100 za sarin.
Nk’uko ikinyamakuru cyo mu Bufaransa cyasohotse ku wa gatatu i Paris na Minisitiri w’Ububanyi n’Amahanga w’Ubufaransa Jean-Marc Herault kibitangaza, igikoresho cy’ubutasi cyakuwe muri kajugujugu kandi “ubutegetsi bwa Siriya bugomba kuba bwaragikoresheje mu gitero cyagabwe kuri Sarakib.”
Isuzuma rya gerenade ryagaragaje ibimenyetso by'ikinyabutabire, igice cy'ingenzi cya gahunda y'intwaro za chimique zo muri Siriya. Nk'uko raporo z'Abafaransa zibivuga, Ikigo cy'Ubushakashatsi mu bya Siyariya, ikigo cy'ubutegetsi gishinzwe intwaro za chimique, cyateguye inzira yo kongeramo herotropin mu bice bibiri by'ingenzi bya sarin, isopropanol na methylphosphonodifluoride, kugira ngo sarin ikomeze guhagarara neza kandi yongere imikorere yayo.
Nk’uko ikinyamakuru cyo mu Bufaransa kibivuga, “sarine yari mu mbunda zakoreshejwe ku ya 4 Mata yakozwe hakoreshejwe uburyo bumwe n’ubwo ubutegetsi bwa Siriya bwakoresheje mu gitero cya Sarin i Saraqib.” “Byongeye kandi, kuba hari hexamine bigaragaza ko uburyo bwo gukora bwateguwe n’ikigo cy’ubushakashatsi cya Siriya.”
Dan Casetta, impuguke mu ntwaro za chimique i Londres akaba n'uwahoze ari umuyobozi wa Amerika, yagize ati: “Ni ubwa mbere guverinoma y'igihugu yemeje ku mugaragaro ko guverinoma ya Siriya yakoresheje hexamine mu gukora sarin, byemeza igitekerezo kimaze imyaka irenga itatu gikwirakwira.” Urotropine, umupolisi wa gisirikare ushinzwe intwaro za chimique mu bindi bihugu, ntiyigeze aboneka mu mishinga ya sarin.
Yagize ati: “Kuba hari urotropin, bihuza ibi bintu byose na sarin kandi bikabihuza na guverinoma ya Siriya.”
“Raporo z’ubutasi z’Abafaransa zitanga ibimenyetso bikomeye bya siyansi bihuza guverinoma ya Siriya n’ibitero bya Khan Sheikhoun sarin,” ibi byavuzwe na Gregory Koblenz, umuyobozi wa gahunda y’abanyeshuri barangije amasomo yo kurinda ubuzima bw’abantu muri Kaminuza ya George Mason.
Ikigo cy’Ubushakashatsi cya Siriya (SSRC) cyashinzwe mu ntangiriro za 1970 kugira ngo gikore mu ibanga intwaro z’ubutabire n’izindi zidasanzwe. Hagati mu myaka ya 1980, CIA yavuze ko ubutegetsi bwa Siriya bushobora gukora hafi toni 8 za sarine ku kwezi.
Ubutegetsi bwa Trump, butaratangaza ibimenyetso bike byerekana uruhare rwa Siriya mu gitero cya Khan Sheikhoun, muri iki cyumweru bwafatiye ibihano abakozi 271 ba SSRC mu rwego rwo kwihorera ku gitero.
Ubutegetsi bwa Siriya buhakana ikoreshwa rya sarin cyangwa indi ntwaro iyo ari yo yose ya chimique. Uburusiya, inkunga ikomeye ya Siriya, bwavuze ko kurekura ibintu by'uburozi i Khan Sheikhoun byatewe n'ibitero by'indege za Siriya ku bubiko bw'intwaro za chimique z'inyeshyamba.
Ariko ibinyamakuru byo mu Bufaransa byavuguruje icyo gitekerezo, bivuga ko “igitekerezo cy’uko imitwe yitwaje intwaro yakoresheje umuti utuma imitsi ikora ibitero byo ku ya 4 Mata ntabwo gikwiye kwizerwa… Nta n'umwe muri iyo mitwe wari ufite ubushobozi bwo gukoresha umuti utuma imitsi ikora cyangwa ingano y'umwuka ikenewe.”
Mu kohereza imeri yawe, uba wemera Politiki y'ibanga n'Amategeko agenga ikoreshwa ryabyo kandi ukakira imeri zituruka kuri twe. Ushobora guhitamo kuzireka igihe icyo ari cyo cyose.
Ibiganiro byitabiriwe n'uwahoze ari ambasaderi wa Amerika, impuguke kuri Irani, impuguke kuri Libiya n'uwahoze ari umujyanama w'ishyaka ry'Abongereza ryita ku bakonserisiti.
Ubushinwa, Uburusiya n'abafatanyabikorwa babo b'igitugu barimo guteza indi ntambara ikomeye ku mugabane munini ku isi.
Mu kohereza imeri yawe, uba wemera Politiki y'ibanga n'Amategeko agenga ikoreshwa ryabyo kandi ukakira imeri zituruka kuri twe. Ushobora guhitamo kuzireka igihe icyo ari cyo cyose.
Mu kwiyandikisha, nemera Politiki y'ibanga n'Amategeko agenga ikoreshwa, kandi nkabona poromosiyo zidasanzwe ziturutse muri Politiki y'Ububanyi n'Amahanga rimwe na rimwe.
Mu myaka mike ishize, Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika zakoze ibishoboka byose kugira ngo zigabanye iterambere ry’ikoranabuhanga ry’Ubushinwa. Ibihano byafashwe na Amerika byashyizeho imipaka idasanzwe ku buryo Beijing ikoresha ubushobozi bwo gukoresha mudasobwa buhanitse. Mu rwego rwo gusubiza icyo kibazo, Ubushinwa bwihutishije iterambere ry’inganda zabwo z’ikoranabuhanga kandi bugabanya kwishingikiriza ku bicuruzwa biva hanze. Wang Dan, impuguke mu bya tekiniki akaba n’umushyitsi mu kigo cy’Ubushinwa cya Paul Tsai mu Ishuri ry’Amategeko rya Yale, yizera ko guhangana kw’ikoranabuhanga mu Bushinwa gushingiye ku bushobozi bwo gukora ibintu. Hari igihe ingamba z’Ubushinwa ziruta iza Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika. Iyi ntambara nshya y’ikoranabuhanga iri kwerekeza he? Ibindi bihugu bizagerwaho bite? Ni gute barimo kuvugurura umubano wabo n’igihugu cy’igihangange gikomeye ku isi mu bukungu? Jyana na Ravi Agrawal wo muri FP uganira na Wang ku iterambere ry’ikoranabuhanga mu Bushinwa n’uko ibikorwa bya Amerika bishobora kubihagarika koko.
Mu myaka ibarirwa muri za mirongo, ikigo gishinzwe politiki y'ububanyi n'amahanga cya Amerika cyabonaga Ubuhinde nk'umufatanyabikorwa ushobora kuba umufatanyabikorwa mu rugamba rw'ubutegetsi hagati ya Amerika n'Ubushinwa mu karere ka Indo-Pasifika. Ashley J. Tellis, umaze igihe kinini akurikirana umubano wa Amerika n'Ubuhinde, avuga ko ibyo Washington yari yiteze kuri New Delhi atari byo. Mu nkuru yakwirakwijwe cyane mu bijyanye n'ububanyi n'amahanga, Tellis yavuze ko White House ikwiye kongera gutekereza ku byo yiteze ku Buhinde. Ese Tellis ni ukuri? Ohereza ibibazo byawe kuri Tellis na Ravi Agrawal, umunyamakuru wa FP Live, kugira ngo baganire ku buryo bwimbitse mbere y'uruzinduko rwa Minisitiri w'Intebe w'Ubuhinde Narendra Modi muri White House ku ya 22 Kamena.
Urusobe rw’amashanyarazi rwashyizwe hamwe. microchip. semiconductor. Cyangwa, nk'uko bizwi cyane, utwuma duto. Aka gace gato ka silikoni gatuma ubuzima bwacu bwa none burushaho gukomera kandi kakagaragaza amazina menshi. F… garagaza byinshi Kuva kuri telefoni zigendanwa kugeza ku modoka kugeza ku mashini zo kumesa, utwuma dukomeye ni two dushyigikira igice kinini cy’isi nkuko tubizi. Ni ingenzi cyane ku buryo sosiyete ya none ikora ku buryo bo n’imiyoboro yabo yose y’ibikoresho byabaye urufatiro rw’irushanwa rya politiki. Ariko, bitandukanye n’andi makoranabuhanga, utwuma dukomeye cyane ntidushobora gukorwa n’umuntu uwo ari we wese. Isosiyete ikora ibikoresho bya Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company (TSMC) igenzura hafi 90% by’isoko rya chip riteye imbere, kandi nta yindi sosiyete cyangwa igihugu gisa nkaho kirimo kugera ku ntego. Ariko se kuki? TSMC's Secret Sauce ni iki? Ni iki gituma semiconductor yayo iba yihariye? Kuki ibi ari ingenzi cyane ku bukungu bw’isi na politiki y’isi? Kugira ngo abimenye, Ravi Agrawal wo muri FP yaganiriye na Chris Miller, umwanditsi wa Chip War: The Fight for the World's Most Critical Technology. Miller kandi ni Porofeseri wungirije w’amateka mpuzamahanga muri Fletcher School of Tufts University.
Guharanira umwanya mu Kanama k'Umutekano ka Loni byahindutse intambara hagati y'Uburusiya n'Isi yose.