Nyuma yimyaka hafi icumi ku buyobozi bw’ubufatanye bukomeye ku isi, umunyamabanga mukuru w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi yiteguye gutsinda.
Ibimenyetso bishya byashyizwe ahagaragara n’Ubufaransa ku wa gatatu bihuza mu buryo butaziguye ubutegetsi bwa Siriya n’igitero cy’imiti cyo ku ya 4 Mata cyahitanye abantu barenga 80, barimo abana benshi, bituma Perezida Donald Trump ategeka igitero ku birindiro by’indege bya Siriya.
Ibimenyetso bishya byashyizwe ahagaragara n’Ubufaransa ku wa gatatu bihuza mu buryo butaziguye ubutegetsi bwa Siriya n’igitero cy’imiti cyo ku ya 4 Mata cyahitanye abantu barenga 80, barimo abana benshi, bituma Perezida Donald Trump ategeka igitero ku birindiro by’indege bya Siriya.
Ibimenyetso bishya bikubiye muri raporo y’impapuro esheshatu zateguwe n’ubutasi bw’Ubufaransa, ni inkuru irambuye mu ruhame ivuga ko Siriya yaba yarakoresheje imiti y’imitsi yica sarin mu gitero cyagabwe mu mujyi wa Khan Sheikhoun.
Raporo y’Ubufaransa itera gushidikanya gushya ku bijyanye n’akamaro ko gutangazwa nk’amasezerano y’amateka y’intwaro y’ubumara y’Amerika n’Uburusiya yashyizweho umukono mu mpera za 2013 n’umunyamabanga wa Leta zunze ubumwe z’Amerika John Kerry na Minisitiri w’ububanyi n’amahanga w’Uburusiya Sergei Lavrov. Aya masezerano ashyizwe mu nzira nziza yo gukuraho gahunda y’intwaro y’imiti ya Siriya “yatangajwe”. Ubufaransa bwavuze kandi ko Siriya ishakisha uburyo bwo kubona toni icumi za alcool ya isopropyl, ingenzi muri sarin, kuva mu 2014, nubwo mu Kwakira 2013 yiyemeje gusenya imbunda z’intwaro z’ubumara.
Iyo nyandiko igira iti: “Isuzuma ry’Abafaransa ryanzuye ko hakiri ugushidikanya gukomeye ku bijyanye n’ukuri, amakuru arambuye n’umurava byo guhagarika intwaro z’intwaro za Siriya.” Ati: "By'umwihariko, Ubufaransa bwizera ko nubwo Siriya yiyemeje gusenya ububiko n'ibikoresho byose, yagumanye ubushobozi bwo gukora cyangwa kubika Sarin."
Ibyavuye mu Bufaransa, bishingiye ku ngero z’ibidukikije byakusanyirijwe kuri Khan Sheikhoun hamwe n’amaraso yakuwe mu umwe mu baguye ku munsi w’igitero, ashyigikira Amerika, Ubwongereza, Turukiya na OPCW avuga ko gaze ya Sarin yakoreshejwe muri Khan Sheikhoun.
Ariko Abafaransa barushijeho kujya kure, bavuga ko umutwaro wa sarin wakoreshejwe mu gitero cyagabwe kuri Khan Sheikhoun ari cyo cyitegererezo cya sarin yakusanyirijwe mu gitero cya guverinoma ya Siriya yagabye igitero ku mujyi wa Sarakib ku ya 29 Mata 2013. Nyuma y’iki gitero, Ubufaransa bwakiriye kopi ya grenade idakomeye, idaturika irimo mililitiro 100 za sarin.
Nk’uko ikinyamakuru cyo mu Bufaransa cyasohotse ku wa gatatu i Paris na Minisitiri w’ububanyi n’amahanga w’Ubufaransa, Jean-Marc Herault, kibitangaza ngo ibikoresho biturika by’imiti byajugunywe muri kajugujugu kandi “ubutegetsi bwa Siriya bugomba kuba bwarabukoresheje mu gitero cyagabwe kuri Sarakib.”
Isuzuma rya grenade ryerekanye ibimenyetso bya hexamine y’imiti, igice cyingenzi muri gahunda y’intwaro za Siriya. Nk’uko raporo z’Abafaransa zibitangaza, Ikigo cy’ubushakashatsi bw’ubumenyi cya Siriya, incubator y’intwaro y’imiti y’ubutegetsi, cyashyizeho uburyo bwo kongeramo herotropine mu bice bibiri bigize sarin, isopropanol na methylphosphonodifluoride, kugira ngo sarin ihindurwe kandi yongere imikorere yayo.
Nk’uko ikinyamakuru cyo mu Bufaransa kibivuga, “sarin iri mu masasu yakoreshejwe ku ya 4 Mata yakozwe hakoreshejwe uburyo bumwe bwo gukora bwakoreshejwe n'ubutegetsi bwa Siriya mu gitero cya Sarin cyabereye i Saraqib.” Ati: “Byongeye kandi, kuba hexamine ihari byerekana ko inzira yo gukora yakozwe n'ikigo cy'ubushakashatsi ku butegetsi bwa Siriya.”
Dan Casetta, impuguke mu by'intwaro z'ubumara i Londere akaba n'uwahoze ari umuyobozi wa Leta zunze ubumwe za Amerika, yagize ati: "Ni ubwa mbere guverinoma y'igihugu yemeje ku mugaragaro ko guverinoma ya Siriya yakoresheje hexamine mu gukora sarin, yemeza ko hypothesis imaze imyaka irenga itatu ikwirakwizwa." Ushinzwe imiti ya Corps Corps Urotropine ntabwo yabonetse mumishinga ya sarin mubindi bihugu.
Ati: "Kuba urotropine ihari, ibyo bintu byose bihura na sarin kandi bikabihuza na guverinoma ya Siriya."
Umuyobozi wa porogaramu ishinzwe impamyabumenyi ya biodefense muri kaminuza ya George Mason, Gregory Koblenz yagize ati: "Raporo z'ubutasi z'Ubufaransa zitanga ibimenyetso bifatika bya siyansi bihuza leta ya Siriya n'ibitero bya Khan Sheikhoun sarin." “
Ikigo cy’ubushakashatsi cya Siriya (SSRC) cyashinzwe mu ntangiriro ya za 70 hagamijwe guteza imbere rwihishwa imiti n’izindi ntwaro zidasanzwe. Mu myaka ya za 1980 rwagati, CIA yavuze ko ubutegetsi bwa Siriya bushobora gukora toni hafi 8 za sarin buri kwezi.
Ubuyobozi bwa Trump, bwerekanye ibimenyetso bike byerekana ko Siriya yagize uruhare mu gitero cya Khan Sheikhoun, kuri iki cyumweru yemereye abakozi 271 ba SSRC mu rwego rwo kwihorera kuri icyo gitero.
Ubutegetsi bwa Siriya burahakana ikoreshwa rya sarin cyangwa izindi ntwaro iyo ari yo yose. Uburusiya n’umuterankunga mukuru wa Siriya, bwatangaje ko irekurwa ry’ibintu by’ubumara muri Khan Sheikhoun ari ingaruka z’ibitero by’indege bya Siriya ku bubiko bw’intwaro za shimi.
Ariko ibinyamakuru byo mu Bufaransa byavuguruje icyo kirego, bivuga ko “igitekerezo cy'uko imitwe yitwaje intwaro yakoresheje umukozi w’imitsi kugira ngo igabe ibitero byo ku ya 4 Mata ntabwo ari iyo kwizerwa… Nta n'imwe muri ayo matsinda yari ifite ubushobozi bwo gukoresha imitsi cyangwa umwuka ukenewe.” .
Mugutanga imeri yawe, wemera Politiki Yibanga n'amabwiriza yo gukoresha kandi ukakira imeri ziturutse muri twe. Urashobora guhitamo umwanya uwariwo wose.
Ibiganiro byitabiriwe n'uwahoze ari ambasaderi wa Amerika, impuguke kuri Irani, impuguke muri Libiya ndetse n'uwahoze ari umujyanama w'ishyaka rya conservateur ry’Abongereza.
Ubushinwa, Uburusiya n’abafatanyabikorwa babo b'igitugu barimo kongera amakimbirane akomeye ku mugabane munini ku isi.
Mugutanga imeri yawe, wemera Politiki Yibanga n'amabwiriza yo gukoresha kandi ukakira imeri ziturutse muri twe. Urashobora guhitamo umwanya uwariwo wose.
Mu kwiyandikisha, nemera Politiki Yibanga n’amategeko agenga imikoreshereze, no kwakira ibyifuzo bidasanzwe biva muri Politiki y’ububanyi n’amahanga rimwe na rimwe.
Mu myaka mike ishize, Amerika yagize uruhare mu kugabanya iterambere ry’ikoranabuhanga mu Bushinwa. Ibihano byayobowe na Amerika byashyizeho amategeko atigeze abuza Beijing kubona ubushobozi bwo kubara. Mu gusubiza, Ubushinwa bwihutishije iterambere ry’inganda z’ikoranabuhanga kandi bugabanya gushingira ku bicuruzwa biva hanze. Wang Dan, impuguke mu bya tekinike akaba yarasuye mugenzi we mu kigo cy’Ubushinwa cya Paul Tsai mu Ishuri ry’amategeko rya Yale, yizera ko guhangana n’ikoranabuhanga mu Bushinwa bishingiye ku bushobozi bwo gukora. Rimwe na rimwe, ingamba z'Ubushinwa zirenze iz'Amerika. Iyi ntambara nshya yikoranabuhanga igana he? Ibindi bihugu bizagira izihe ngaruka? Nigute basobanura umubano wabo n’ibihugu bikomeye by’ubukungu ku isi? Injira muri Ravi Agrawal wa FP aganira na Wang kubyerekeranye n'izamuka ry'ikoranabuhanga mu Bushinwa ndetse niba koko ibikorwa by'Amerika bishobora kubihagarika.
Mu myaka ibarirwa muri za mirongo, ikigo cy’ububanyi n’amahanga cya Leta zunze ubumwe z’Amerika cyafashe Ubuhinde nk’umufatanyabikorwa ushobora guhangana n’ingufu z’Amerika n’Ubushinwa mu karere ka Indo-Pasifika. B… kwerekana byinshi Ashley J. Tellis, umaze igihe kinini akurikirana umubano w’Amerika n'Ubuhinde, avuga ko ibyo Washington yiteze i New Delhi atari byo. Mu kiganiro cy’ububanyi n’amahanga cyamamaye cyane, Tellis yavuze ko White House igomba kongera gutekereza ku byo iteganya ku Buhinde. Tellis afite ukuri? Ohereza ibibazo byawe kuri Tellis na FP Live Ravi Agrawal kugira ngo baganire byimbitse mbere y’uruzinduko rwa Minisitiri w’intebe w’Ubuhinde Narendra Modi muri White House ku ya 22 Kamena.
Umuzunguruko wuzuye. microchip. igice cya kabiri. Cyangwa, nkuko bizwi cyane, chip. Agace gato ka silikoni ifite imbaraga kandi igasobanura ubuzima bwacu bwa none ifite amazina menshi. F… kwerekana byinshi Kuva kuri terefone zigendanwa kugeza kumodoka kugeza kumashini imesa, chip zishimangira igice kinini cyisi nkuko tubizi. Ni ingenzi cyane muburyo societe igezweho ikora kuburyo bo hamwe nuruhererekane rwabo rwose babaye inkingi y amarushanwa ya politiki. Ariko, bitandukanye nubundi buryo bwikoranabuhanga, chip-end yohejuru ntishobora gukorwa numuntu wese. Isosiyete ikora inganda za Tayiwani Semiconductor (TSMC) igenzura hafi 90% y’isoko rya chip ryateye imbere, kandi nta rindi sosiyete cyangwa igihugu bisa nkaho bifata. ariko kubera iki? Isosi y'ibanga ya TSMC ni iki? Niki gituma igice cyacyo cyihariye? Kuki ibi ari ingenzi cyane mubukungu bwisi na geopolitike? Kugira ngo ubimenye, Ravi Agrawal wa FP yabajije Chris Miller, umwanditsi wa Chip War: The Fight for the Technology Critical Technology. Miller kandi ni umwarimu wungirije w’amateka mpuzamahanga mu ishuri rya Fletcher rya kaminuza ya Tufts.
Urugamba rwo kwicara mu kanama gashinzwe umutekano ku isi rwahindutse intambara yo guhagararira Uburusiya n'isi.