Iyi nkuru yasuzumwe hakurikijwe amabwiriza n'amabwiriza ya Science X yo kwandika. Abanditsi bashimangiye ibintu bikurikira mu gihe bagenzura ko ibikubiye muri iyi nkuru ari ukuri:
Dioxyde de carbone (CO2) ni umutungo w'ingenzi ku buzima ku Isi ndetse ni n'imyuka ihumanya ikirere igira uruhare mu gushyuha kw'isi. Muri iki gihe, abahanga mu bya siyansi barimo kwiga dioxyde de carbone nk'umutungo wizewe mu gukora ibikomoka kuri peteroli bishobora kongera gukoreshwa, bidafite karubone nyinshi ndetse n'ibikomoka ku binyabutabire bifite agaciro kanini.
Ikibazo abashakashatsi bafite ni ukumenya uburyo bwiza kandi buhendutse bwo guhindura dioxyde de carbone mo ibintu byiza cyane nka monoxide de carbone, methanol cyangwa aside formic.
Itsinda ry’abashakashatsi riyobowe na KK Neuerlin wo muri Laboratwari y’Igihugu y’Ingufu Zisubiramo (NREL) hamwe n’abafatanyabikorwa muri Laboratwari y’Igihugu ya Argonne na Laboratwari y’Igihugu ya Oak Ridge babonye igisubizo cyiza kuri iki kibazo. Itsinda ryateguye uburyo bwo guhindura ikoreshwa ry’ingufu kugira ngo rikore aside formike iva muri dioxyde de carbone hakoreshejwe amashanyarazi ashobora kongera gukoreshwa kandi aramba.
Ubushakashatsi, bwari bufite umutwe ugira uti “Ubwubatsi bw’inyubako y’amashanyarazi ya membrane ihindagurika neza kugira ngo habeho ihinduka ryiza rya electrochemical rya dioxyde de carbone muri aside formique,” ​​bwasohotse mu kinyamakuru Nature Communications.
Aside formike ni igikoresho gishobora gukoreshwa mu bintu bitandukanye, cyane cyane nk'ibikoresho fatizo mu nganda za shimi cyangwa ibinyabuzima. Aside formike nayo yagaragaye ko ari igikoresho cyo gutunganya ibikomoka ku binyabiziga mu kirere gisukuye.
Electrolysis ya CO2 ituma CO2 igabanuka ikaba intermediates za chemical nka aside formic cyangwa molekile nka ethylene iyo hakoreshejwe amashanyarazi ku ngirabuzimafatizo za electrolytic.
Iteraniro rya membrane-electrode (MEA) muri electrolyzer ubusanzwe rigizwe n'urukiramende ruyobora iyoni (cation cyangwa anion exchange membrane) ruri hagati ya electrode ebyiri zigizwe na electrocatalyst na polymer iyobora iyoni.
Bakoresheje ubuhanga bw'itsinda mu ikoranabuhanga rya lisansi ya lisansi na electrolysis ya hydrogen, bigaga imiterere itandukanye ya MEA mu turemangingo twa electrolytic kugira ngo bagereranye igabanuka rya CO2 na aside formic.
Hashingiwe ku isesengura ry’imiterere itandukanye y’ibikoresho, itsinda ryashatse gukoresha imbogamizi z’ibikoresho biriho, cyane cyane kutagira iyoni yangwa mu ruhu rw’ubushyuhe rw’ayiyoni, no koroshya imiterere rusange y’uburyo bwo gukora.
Ubuvumbuzi bwakozwe na KS Neierlin na Leiming Hu bo muri NREL bwari electrolyzer ya MEA ivuguruye ikoresheje membrane nshya y’impinduka za cation. Iyi membrane y’impinduka itanga umusaruro uhoraho kandi utoranya cyane kandi yoroshya igishushanyo mbonera hakoreshejwe ibice bitari ibyashyizweho.
Umwanditsi umwe Neierlin yagize ati: “Ibisubizo by’ubu bushakashatsi bigaragaza impinduka mu mikorere y’amashanyarazi ya aside organic nka aside formique. Imiterere y’urukiramende rufite imyobo igabanya uburyohe bw’imiterere ya kera kandi ishobora no gukoreshwa mu kunoza imikorere myiza y’ingufu no kuramba kw’ibindi bikoresho bihindura gazi karubone.”
Nkuko bigenda mu iterambere rya siyansi, ni ngombwa gusobanukirwa impamvu z’ikiguzi n’ubushobozi bw’ubukungu. Bakorera mu mashami atandukanye, abashakashatsi ba NREL, Zhe Huang na Tao Ling, bagaragaje isesengura ry’ikoranabuhanga n’ubukungu rigaragaza uburyo bwo kugera ku giciro kingana n’uburyo bwo gukora aside formike mu nganda muri iki gihe, mu gihe ikiguzi cy’amashanyarazi ashobora kuvugururwa kiri munsi ya senti 2.3 kuri kilowati-saawa.
Neierlin yagize ati: “Itsinda ryageze kuri ibi bisubizo rikoresheje katalysts ziboneka ku isoko n’ibikoresho bya polymer membrane, mu gihe ryakoraga igishushanyo cya MEA gikoresha uburyo bwo kwaguka bw’uturemangingo twa lisansi tugezweho n’inganda zikora electrolysis ya hydrogen.”
“Ibivuye muri ubu bushakashatsi bishobora gufasha guhindura dioxyde de carbone mo ibikomoka kuri peteroli n’ibinyabutabire hakoreshejwe amashanyarazi asubiramo na hydrogen, bikihutisha impinduka mu kwagura no gucuruza.”
Ikoranabuhanga ryo guhindura amashanyarazi ni igice cy'ingenzi cya gahunda ya NREL yo gukoresha Electron to Molecules, yibanda kuri hydrogen ishobora kongera gukoreshwa mu gisekuru gitaha, lisansi ntarengwa, imiti n'ibikoresho bikoreshwa mu bikorwa bikoresha amashanyarazi.
“Gahunda yacu irimo gushakisha uburyo bwo gukoresha amashanyarazi ashobora kuvugururwa kugira ngo ihindure molekile nka dioxyde de carbone na amazi mo ibintu bishobora gukoreshwa nk'isoko y'ingufu,” ibi byavuzwe na Randy Cortright, umuyobozi wa gahunda ya NREL yo kohereza electron na/cyangwa ingamba zo kubitangira mbere mu gukora lisansi cyangwa imiti.”
“Ubu bushakashatsi ku ihinduka ry’amashanyarazi butanga iterambere rishobora gukoreshwa mu buryo butandukanye bwo guhindura amashanyarazi, kandi twiteze ibisubizo bishimishije biva muri iri tsinda.”
Ibisobanuro birambuye: Leiming Hu et al., Imiterere y’inyubako ya electrode ya membrane ihindagurika neza kugira ngo CO2 ihindurwe neza muri aside formike, Nature Communications (2023). DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43409-6
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