Imyunyu ngugu yo mu butaka ikwirakwizwa cyane, α-iron-(III) oxyhydroxide, yagaragaye ko ari catalyst ishobora kongera gukoreshwa mu kugabanya dioxyde de carbone muri aside formique. Ifoto: Prof. Kazuhiko Maeda
Kugabanya CO2 mu buryo bwo kwitwara nka aside formike (HCOOH) ni uburyo bwiza bwo kurwanya kwiyongera k'urugero rwa CO2 mu kirere. Kugira ngo iki gikorwa gifashe, itsinda ry'abashakashatsi bo mu Kigo cy'Ikoranabuhanga cya Tokyo ryahisemo amabuye y'agaciro ashingiye ku butare aboneka neza maze bayashyira ku gikoresho cya alumina kugira ngo hakorwe catalyst ishobora guhindura CO2 neza muri HCOOH, hafi 90% by'uburyo bwo guhitamo!
Imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi ni amahitamo meza ku bantu benshi, kandi impamvu nyamukuru ni uko nta byuka bihumanya ikirere bigira. Icyakora, ikibazo gikomeye kuri benshi ni uko zidakoresha neza amashanyarazi kandi zigatanga amashanyarazi igihe kirekire. Aha niho lisansi zikoresha amazi nka lisansi zigira akarusho gakomeye. Ingufu nyinshi zifite bivuze ko zikoresha amashanyarazi menshi kandi zigatanga lisansi vuba.
Guhindura lisansi cyangwa mazutu ukajya mu yindi lisansi y’amazi bishobora gukuraho imyuka ihumanya ikirere mu gihe bigumana ibyiza by’ibicanwa by’amazi. Urugero, muri lisansi, aside formike ishobora gukoresha moteri mu gihe isohora amazi na dioxyde de carbone. Ariko, niba aside formike ikorwa binyuze mu kugabanya CO2 yo mu kirere ikaba HCOOH, icyo gihe umusaruro ni amazi gusa.
Ukwiyongera k'urugero rwa dioxyde de carbone mu kirere cyacu n'uruhare rwabyo mu bushyuhe bw'isi ubu ni inkuru ikunze kuvugwa. Ubwo abashakashatsi bageragezaga uburyo butandukanye bwo gukemura iki kibazo, habonetse igisubizo cyiza—guhindura dioxyde de carbone nyinshi mu kirere mo ibinyabutabire bikungahaye ku ngufu.
Gukora ibikomoka kuri peteroli nka aside formike (HCOOH) binyuze mu kugabanya CO2 mu zuba byakuruye abantu benshi vuba aha kuko iyi gahunda ifite inyungu ebyiri: igabanya imyuka ya CO2 ikabije kandi inafasha kugabanya ibura ry'ingufu duhura nazo muri iki gihe. Nk'umuyoboro mwiza wa hydrogen ufite ingufu nyinshi, HCOOH ishobora gutanga ingufu binyuze mu gutwika mu gihe isohora amazi gusa nk'umusaruro w'inyongera.
Kugira ngo iki gisubizo cyunguka kibe impamo, abahanga mu bya siyansi bakoze sisitemu ya fotokatalike igabanya dioxyde de carbone bakoresheje izuba. Iyi sisitemu igizwe n'icyuma gifata urumuri (ni ukuvuga fotosensitizer) n'icyuma gitera imbaraga zo kohereza electron nyinshi zikenewe kugira ngo CO2 igabanuke igere kuri HCOOH. Bityo batangira gushaka ibyuma bifasha mu kugabanya ingufu kandi binoze!
Kugabanya dioxyde de carbone hakoreshejwe fotocatalytic ikoreshwa cyane. Ifoto: Porofeseri Kazuhiko Maeda
Bitewe n'ubushobozi bwabyo n'ubushobozi bwabyo bwo kongera gukoreshwa, catalysts zikomeye zifatwa nk'izikwiye gukoreshwa muri iki gikorwa, kandi mu myaka yashize, ubushobozi bwa catalytic bwa cobalt, manganese, nickel na metal-organic frameworks nyinshi (MOFs) zarasesenguwe, muri zo iyi ya nyuma ifite ibyiza bimwe na bimwe ugereranyije n'izindi metal. Ariko, catalysts nyinshi zishingiye ku byuma zavuzwe kugeza ubu zikora monoxyde de carbone nk'umusaruro nyamukuru, ntabwo ari HCOOH.
Ariko, iki kibazo cyakemuwe vuba n'itsinda ry'abashakashatsi bo mu Ishuri Rikuru ry'Ikoranabuhanga rya Tokyo (Tokyo Tech) riyobowe na Porofeseri Kazuhiko Maeda. Mu bushakashatsi buherutse gusohoka mu kinyamakuru cy'imiti cyitwa Angewandte Chemie, itsinda ryagaragaje ko katalyst ishingiye ku butare ishyigikiwe na alumina (Al2O3) ikoresha α-iron (III) oxyhydroxide (α-FeO​​​ OH; geothite). Katalyst nshya ya α-FeO​​OH/Al2O3 igaragaza imikorere myiza yo guhindura CO2 na HCOOH ndetse no kongera gukoresha neza. Ubwo yabazwaga ku bijyanye n'amahitamo yabo ya katalyst, Porofeseri Maeda yagize ati: “Turashaka gushakisha ibintu byinshi nk'ikatalyst muri sisitemu zo kugabanya CO2. Dukeneye katalyst ikomeye ikora, ishobora kongera gukoreshwa, idahumanya kandi ihendutse. Niyo mpamvu twahisemo imyunyu ngugu yo mu butaka ikwirakwizwa cyane nka goethite mu bushakashatsi bwacu.”
Itsinda ryakoresheje uburyo bworoshye bwo guteranya kugira ngo rikore catalyst yabo. Hanyuma bakoresheje ibikoresho bya Al2O3 bishyigikiwe n'icyuma kugira ngo bagabanye CO2 mu buryo bwa fotokalisitike mu bushyuhe bw'icyumba imbere y'icyuma gitanga urumuri gishingiye kuri ruthenium (Ru), electron donor, n'urumuri rugaragara rufite uburebure bw'uburebure burenga nanometero 400.
Ibisubizo birashimishije cyane. Uburyo bwo guhitamo imikorere yabo ku gicuruzwa cy'ingenzi HCOOH bwari hagati ya 80–90% n'umusaruro wa quantum wa 4.3% (bigaragaza imikorere myiza ya imikorere).
Ubu bushakashatsi bugaragaza catalyst ikomeye ishingiye ku butare ya mbere ishobora gukora HCOOH iyo ihujwe n'icyuma gifasha mu gupima urumuri. Bunavuga ku kamaro ko gukoresha ibikoresho bikwiye byo gushyigikira (Al2O3) n'ingaruka byayo ku kugabanya ingaruka zo gupima urumuri.
Ibisobanuro bivuye muri ubu bushakashatsi bishobora gufasha guteza imbere catalysts nshya zidafite icyuma zo kugabanya dioxyde de carbone mu bindi binyabutabire by'ingirakamaro. "Ubushakashatsi bwacu bwerekana ko inzira yo kugera ku bukungu bw'ingufu zitangiza ibidukikije idagoye. Ndetse n'uburyo bworoshye bwo gutegura catalysts bushobora gutanga umusaruro mwiza, kandi bizwi neza ko ibintu byinshi ku isi, iyo bishyigikiwe n'ibintu nka alumina, bishobora gukoreshwa nk'ikintu gihitamo kugabanya CO2," Porofeseri Maeda arasoza.
Reba: "Alumina-Ashyigikiwe na Alpha-Iron (III) Oxyhydroxide nka Catalizike isubirwamo ikomeye ya CO2 Photoreduction munsi yumucyo ugaragara" by Daehyeon An, Dr. Shunta Nishioka, Dr. Shuhei Yasuda, Dr. Tomoki Kanazawa, Dr. Yoshinobu Kamakura, Prof .. Toshiyuki, Prof .. Toshiyuki. Maeda, 12 Gicurasi 2022, Angewandte Chemie.DOI: 10.1002 / anie.202204948
“Aho niho ibikomoka ku mavuta nka lisansi bifite akarusho gakomeye. Ubucucike bwabyo bw’ingufu nyinshi busobanura ko bikoresha uburebure kandi bigashyirwamo lisansi vuba.”
Bite se ku mibare imwe? Ni gute ubucucike bw'ingufu za aside formike bugereranywa na lisansi? Kubera ko atome imwe gusa ya karuboni muri formula y'ibinyabutabire, ndakeka ko yagera hafi ya lisansi.
Uretse ibyo, impumuro yayo ni uburozi bwinshi kandi, nk'aside, irangiza kurusha lisansi. Ibi si ibibazo by'ubuhanga bidakemuka, ariko keretse aside formike itanga inyungu zikomeye mu kongera uburebure no kugabanya igihe cyo kongeramo lisansi, birashoboka ko bidakwiye imbaraga.
Iyo bateganya gukuramo goethite mu butaka, byaba ari ugucukura amabuye y'agaciro akoresha ingufu nyinshi kandi bishobora kwangiza ibidukikije.
Bashobora kuvuga ko hari ubwoko bwinshi bwa goethite mu butaka kuko nkeka ko byasaba ingufu nyinshi kugira ngo ubone ibikoresho fatizo bikenewe kandi ubikore kugira ngo bikore goethite.
Ni ngombwa kureba ubuzima bwose bw'iyi gahunda no kubara ikiguzi cy'ingufu za buri kimwe. NASA ntiyabonye ikintu nk'icyo gutangiza ku buntu. Abandi bagomba kuzirikana ibi.
SciTechDaily: Niho hantu habera amakuru meza y’ikoranabuhanga kuva mu 1998. Komeza umenye amakuru agezweho y’ikoranabuhanga ukoresheje imeri cyangwa imbuga nkoranyambaga.
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