Inyigo nshya yakozwe ku ngero ibihumbi z’ubwonko nyuma y’urupfu, igaragaza ko utunyangingo dufasha mu mikorere y’ubudahangarwa bw’umubiri dufite imiterere idasanzwe mu bwonko bw’abantu bafite indwara zimwe na zimwe zo mu bwonko n’izo mu mutwe, harimo n’indwara yo mu mutwe yitwa autism.
Muri za gene 1.275 z’ubudahangarwa bw’umubiri zakoreweho ubushakashatsi, 765 (60%) zagaragaye cyane cyangwa zigasesenguye mu bwonko bw’abantu bakuru bafite imwe muri esheshatu: autisme, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, depression, Alzheimer's disease, cyangwa Parkinson's disease. Izi ngero z’imyitwarire ziratandukanye bitewe n’imiterere y’umubiri, bigaragaza ko buri imwe ifite "ibimenyetso" byihariye, nk’uko byatangajwe n’umushakashatsi mukuru Chunyu Liu, umwarimu w’ubuvuzi bwo mu mutwe n’ubumenyi bw’imyitwarire muri Kaminuza y’Ubuvuzi ya Leta ya Northern State i Syracuse, New York.
Nk’uko Liu abivuga, kugaragaza ubudahangarwa bw’umubiri bishobora kuba ikimenyetso cy’ububyimbirwe. Uku gukora k’ubudahangarwa bw’umubiri, cyane cyane mu nda, bifitanye isano na autism, nubwo uburyo butera ubumuga budasobanutse neza.
Liu yagize ati: “Icyo ntekereza ni uko ubudahangarwa bw’umubiri bugira uruhare runini mu ndwara zo mu bwonko. Ni umukinnyi ukomeye.”
Christopher Coe, Porofeseri w’inararibonye mu by’imitekerereze y’ibinyabuzima muri Kaminuza ya Wisconsin-Madison, utari muri ubu bushakashatsi, yavuze ko bidashoboka gusobanukirwa muri ubwo bushakashatsi niba gukora ubudahangarwa bw’umubiri bigira uruhare mu gutera indwara iyo ari yo yose cyangwa indwara ubwayo. Ibi byatumye habaho impinduka mu gukora ubudahangarwa bw’umubiri.
Liu n'ikipe ye basesenguye urugero rw'imikorere y'uturemangingo 1.275 tw'ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri mu bwonko 2.467 bwakorewe nyuma y'urupfu, harimo abantu 103 bafite ubumuga bwo mu mutwe n'abantu 1.178 bagenzura. Amakuru yavuye mu bubiko bubiri bwa transcriptome, ArrayExpress na Gene Expression Omnibus, ndetse no mu bundi bushakashatsi bwasohotse mbere.
Igipimo mpuzandengo cy’igaragazwa ry’uturemangingo 275 mu bwonko bw’abarwayi ba autism gitandukanye n’icyo mu itsinda ry’abagenzurwa; Ubwonko bw’abarwayi ba Alzheimer bufite uturemangingo 638 twagaragaye mu buryo butandukanye, hagakurikiraho schizophrenia (220), Parkinson (97), bipolar (58), na depression (27).
Igipimo cy’imyitwarire y’abagabo bafite ubumuga bwo mu mutwe cyari gitandukanye cyane kurusha abagore bafite ubumuga bwo mu mutwe, kandi ubwonko bw’abagore bafite ubumuga bwo mu mutwe bwari butandukanye cyane n’ubw’abagabo bafite ubumuga bwo mu mutwe. Izindi ndwara enye zisigaye nta tandukaniro ryagaragaje hagati y’ibitsina.
Imiterere y'imvugo ijyanye na autism isa cyane n'indwara z'imitsi nka Alzheimer na Parkinson kurusha izindi ndwara zo mu mutwe. Mu bisobanuro, indwara z'imitsi zigomba kuba zifite imiterere y'ubwonko izwi, nko gutakaza neurons za dopaminergic muri Parkinson. Abashakashatsi ntibarasobanura iki kimenyetso cya autism.
Liu yagize ati: “Uku [gusa] gutanga icyerekezo cy’inyongera tugomba gusuzuma. Wenda umunsi umwe tuzasobanukirwa neza indwara.”
Ingirabuzimafatizo ebyiri, CRH na TAC1, zakunze guhinduka muri izi ndwara: CRH yagabanutse mu ndwara zose uretse indwara ya Parkinson, naho TAC1 yagabanutse mu ndwara zose uretse kwiheba. Ingirabuzimafatizo zombi zigira ingaruka ku mikoroglia, uturemangingo tw’ubudahangarwa bw’ubwonko.
Coe yavuze ko gukora kwa mikoroglia kudasanzwe bishobora "kubangamira imikorere isanzwe y'imitsi no guhuza imikorere yayo," kimwe no kubangamira imikorere y'imitsi mu bihe bitandukanye.
Ubushakashatsi bwakozwe mu 2018 ku ngingo z’ubwonko nyuma y’urupfu bwagaragaje ko imiterere y’uturemangingo ifitanye isano n’imiterere y’uturemangingo tw’umubiri n’imikorere ya synapse igaragara kimwe ku bantu bafite ubumuga bwo mu mutwe, schizophrenia, cyangwa indwara ya bipolar. Ariko ubushakashatsi bwagaragaje ko imiterere y’uturemangingo tw’umubiri (microglial) igaragara cyane ku barwayi bafite ubumuga bwo mu mutwe gusa.
Abantu bafite ubudahangarwa bw’umubiri butera imbaraga nyinshi bashobora kugira "indwara yo kubyimbirwa mu bwonko," nk'uko byatangajwe na Michael Benros, umuyobozi w’ubushakashatsi akaba na Porofeseri w’ubuvuzi bw’indwara zo mu mutwe muri Kaminuza ya Copenhagen muri Danemark, utari muri ako kazi.
Benroth yagize ati: “Bishobora kuba byiza kugerageza kumenya aya matsinda ashobora kubamo no kuyatangaho uburyo bwihariye bwo kuvura.”
Ubushakashatsi bwagaragaje ko impinduka nyinshi mu miterere y’imyandikire zagaragaye mu ngero z’imitsi y’ubwonko zitari mu makuru agaragaza imiterere y’ingirabuzimafatizo mu maraso y’abantu barwaye iyo ndwara. Ibi byavumbuwe "bitunguranye" bigaragaza akamaro ko kwiga imiterere y’ubwonko, nk’uko byatangajwe na Cynthia Schumann, Porofeseri w’indwara zo mu mutwe n’ubumenyi bw’imyitwarire muri MIND Institute muri UC Davis, utari muri ubu bushakashatsi.
Liu n'ikipe ye barimo kubaka imashini zikoresha utunyangingo kugira ngo basobanukirwe neza niba kubyimba ari byo bigira uruhare mu gutera indwara zo mu bwonko.
Iyi nkuru yasohotse bwa mbere kuri Spectrum, urubuga rwa mbere rw’amakuru ajyanye n’ubushakashatsi ku barwayi ba autism. Vuga iyi nkuru: https://doi.org/10.53053/UWCJ7407