Rayna Singhvi Jain afite ubwivumbure bukabije ku nzuki. Ububabare bukabije mu kuguru kwe bwamubujije gukora ibyumweru byinshi.
Ariko ibyo ntibyabujije uyu mucuruzi w’imyaka 20 w’imibereho myiza y’abaturage ku ntego ye yo kurokora izi nganda z’ingenzi, umubare wazo umaze imyaka ibarirwa muri za mirongo ugabanuka.
Hafi 75 ku ijana by'ibihingwa ku isi bishingiye, nibura ku gice kimwe, ku bintu bitera imyumbati nk'inzuki. Gusenyuka kwabyo bishobora kugira ingaruka zikomeye ku rusobe rw'ibinyabuzima byacu byose. Jane yagize ati: “Turi hano uyu munsi kubera inzuki. Ni zo nkingi y'ubuhinzi bwacu, ibimera byacu. Kubera zo dufite ibyo kurya.”
Jane, umukobwa w'abimukira b'Abahinde batuye muri Connecticut, avuga ko ababyeyi be bamwigishije guha agaciro ubuzima, nubwo bwaba buto. Yavuze ko niba hari ikimonyo mu nzu, bazamubwira kugisohora kugira ngo kibashe kubaho.
Ubwo Jane yasuraga ubworo bw'inzuki mu 2018 akabona ikirundo cy'inzuki zapfuye, yagize inyota yo kumenya ibiri kuba. Ibyo yavumbuye byaramutunguye cyane.
“Kugabanuka kw’inzuki biterwa n’ibintu bitatu: udukoko, imiti yica udukoko n’imirire mibi,” ibi byavuzwe na Samuel Ramsey, umwarimu w’udukoko mu kigo cy’ubushakashatsi ku binyabuzima muri Kaminuza ya Colorado Boulder.
Ramsey avuga ko muri P eshatu, igice kinini gitera indwara ni udukoko, cyane cyane ubwoko bw'udukoko twitwa Varroa. Byavumbuwe bwa mbere muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika mu 1987, ubu bikaba biboneka hafi ya buri mutiba mu gihugu hose.
Ramsey mu bushakashatsi bwe yabonye ko udukoko dutungwa n'umwijima w'inzuki, bigatuma twibasirwa cyane n'utundi dukoko, bigatuma ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri bwatwo n'ubushobozi bwo kubika intungamubiri. Utu dukoko dushobora kandi gukwirakwiza virusi zica, kubangamira uburyo bwo kuguruka, ndetse amaherezo tugatera urupfu rw'amatsinda yose.
Ayobowe n'umwarimu we wa siyansi mu mashuri yisumbuye, Jain yatangiye gushaka ibisubizo byo kurandura ubwandu bw'udukoko twa varroa mu mwaka we wa gatatu. Nyuma yo kugerageza no gushakisha amakosa menshi, yaje gukora HiveGuard, agace ka 3D gatwikiriwe n'umuti wica udukoko utari uburozi witwa thymol.
Jane yagize ati: “Iyo inzuki inyuze mu muryango, thymol ishyirwa mu mubiri w’inzuki maze icyiciro cya nyuma cyica udukoko twa varroa ariko inzuki ntigire icyo ikora.”
Abavumvu bagera ku 2.000 bamaze gupima iyi mashini kuva muri Werurwe 2021, kandi Jane arateganya kuyishyira ahagaragara ku mugaragaro mu mpera z'uyu mwaka. Amakuru yakusanyije kugeza ubu agaragaza ko ubwandu bwa varroa bwagabanutseho 70% nyuma y'ibyumweru bitatu bushyizweho ariko nta ngaruka mbi zagaragaye.
Ramsey avuga ko Thymol n'indi miti isanzwe ya acaricides nka aside oxalic, aside formic, na hops bishyirwa mu mutiba mu duce cyangwa mu masahani mu gihe cyo gutunganya. Hari kandi ibintu by'inyongera, muri rusange bigira akamaro ariko byangiza ibidukikije. Arashimira Jane ku bw'ubuhanga bwe mu gukora igikoresho gikoresha imbaraga nyinshi ku dukoko mu gihe kirinda inzuki n'ibidukikije ingaruka mbi.
Inzuki z'ubuki ziri mu zikora neza cyane ku isi. Inkunga yazo irakenewe ku moko arenga 130 y'imbuto, imboga n'imbuto z'ibinyampeke, harimo amande, cranberries, zucchini na avoka. Rero ubutaha uriye pome cyangwa ukanywa ikawa, byose ni ukubera inzuki, nk'uko Jane abivuga.
Kimwe cya gatatu cy'ibiribwa turya kiri mu kaga kuko ikibazo cy'ikirere kibangamiye ubuzima bw'ibinyugunyugu n'inzuki
USDA ivuga ko muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika honyine, inzuki zinjiza imbuto zifite agaciro ka miliyari 15 z'amadolari buri mwaka. Ibyinshi muri ibi bihingwa bitangwa n'inzuki zicungwa mu gihugu hose. Uko bigenda bihenda cyane kurinda inzuki, izi serivisi nazo zigenda zihenda cyane, nk'uko Ramsey yabitangaje, bikagira ingaruka zitaziguye ku biciro by'abaguzi.
Ariko Ishami ry’Umuryango w’Abibumbye ryita ku biribwa n’ubuhinzi ritanga umuburo ko niba umubare w’inzuki ukomeje kugabanuka, ingaruka mbi cyane izaba ikibazo gikomeye ku ireme n’umutekano w’ibiribwa.
HiveGuard ni bumwe mu buryo Jane akoreshamo ibitekerezo byo kwihangira imirimo kugira ngo ashyigikire inzuki. Mu 2020, yashinze ikigo cy’inyongeramusaruro mu buzima cyitwa Queen Bee, gicuruza ibinyobwa byiza birimo ibikomoka ku nzuki nk'ubuki na jeli y'ubwami. Buri icupa rigurishwa riterwamo igiti cy’umusaruro binyuze muri Trees for the Future, umuryango udaharanira inyungu ukorana n'imiryango y'abahinzi bo muri Afurika yo munsi y'ubutayu bwa Sahara.
Jane yagize ati: “Icyizere cyanjye gikomeye ku bidukikije ni ukugarura uburinganire no kubaho mu buryo buboneye n’ibidukikije.”
Yizera ko bishoboka, ariko bizasaba gutekereza ku matsinda. Yongeyeho ati: “Abantu bashobora kwigira byinshi ku nzuki nk'uburyo bwo kubaka imibereho myiza.”
"Uburyo bashoboraga gukorana, uburyo bashoboraga kwiha imbaraga n'uburyo bashoboraga kwigomwa kugira ngo koloni itere imbere."
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