Ivu rya soda rigira uruhare runini mu nganda nyinshi, aho inganda z'ibirahuri zikoresha hafi 60% by'ikoreshwa ku isi yose.
Ikirahure cy'amabati ni cyo gice kinini cy'isoko ry'ibirahure, naho ikirahure cy'ibikoresho byo mu macupa ni cyo gice cya kabiri kinini cy'isoko ry'ibirahure (Ishusho ya 1). Ikirahure cyo kugenzura imirasire y'izuba gikoreshwa mu mirasire y'izuba ni cyo gice gikubye vuba cyane gikenewe.
Mu 2023, ukwiyongera kw'ibikenewe mu Bushinwa kuzagera ku kigero cyo hejuru cyane cya 10%, aho ubwiyongere bwa toni miliyoni 2.9. Ibikenewe ku isi hatarimo Ubushinwa byagabanutseho 3.2%.
Ubushobozi bwo gukora ivu rya soda buzakomeza kuba bwiza hagati ya 2018 na 2022, kubera ko imishinga myinshi yari iteganyijwe yo kwagura yatinze kubera icyorezo cya COVID-19. Mu by’ukuri, Ubushinwa bwatakaje ubushobozi bwo gukora ivu rya soda muri iki gihe.
Ariko, iterambere rikomeye cyane mu gihe cya vuba rizaturuka mu Bushinwa, harimo toni miliyoni 5 z'umusaruro mushya uhendutse (usanzwe) uzatangira kwiyongera hagati mu 2023.
Imishinga yose minini yo kwagura muri Amerika mu bihe bya vuba aha yakozwe na Genesis, izaba ifite ubushobozi bwo gukora toni zigera kuri miliyoni 1.2 mu mpera za 2023.
Biteganyijwe ko mu 2028, toni miliyoni 18 z'ubushyuhe bushya zizongeraho ku isi, aho 61% bizava mu Bushinwa na 34% bizava muri Amerika.
Uko ubushobozi bw'umusaruro bwiyongera, ni na ko ikoranabuhanga rigenda rihinduka. Igice cy'ivu ry'isukari karemano mu bushobozi bushya bw'umusaruro kirimo kwiyongera. Biteganijwe ko umugabane wayo mu musaruro ku isi yose uzagera kuri 22% mu 2028.
Ikiguzi cy'umusaruro w'ivu ry'isukari karemano muri rusange kiri hasi cyane ugereranyije n'ivu ry'isukari rikozwe mu buryo bwa synthetic. Bityo, impinduka mu ikoranabuhanga nazo zihindura ibiciro ku isi. Irushanwa rishingiye ku itangwa ry'isukari, kandi aho ubushobozi bushya buherereye bizagira ingaruka ku ipiganwa.
Ivu rya soda ni imiti y'ibanze ikoreshwa mu bikorwa bya nyuma bifitanye isano rya hafi n'ubuzima bwacu bwa buri munsi. Bityo, ukwiyongera kw'ivu rya soda byakunze guterwa n'ubukungu buri mu nzira y'amajyambere. Ariko, ivu rya soda ntirigiterwa gusa n'iterambere ry'ubukungu; urwego rw'ibidukikije narwo rugira uruhare runini mu kwiyongera kw'ivu rya soda.
Ariko, ubushobozi bwose bw'ivu rya soda muri izi porogaramu zo gukoresha biragoye kumenya. Ibyiza byo gukoresha ivu rya soda muri bateri, harimo na bateri za lithiamu-ion, ni ibintu bigoye kumenya.
Ibyo ni ko bimeze no ku birahuri by'izuba, kandi ibigo mpuzamahanga bitanga ingufu bihora bivugurura iteganyagihe ry'ingufu z'izuba.
Ubucuruzi bugira uruhare runini mu gutunganya ivu ry’ibikomoka ku bimera, kuko ahantu hakorerwa ivu ry’ibimera atari hafi y’ahantu hakenewe cyane, kandi hafi kimwe cya kane cy’ivu ry’ibimera rijyanwa mu turere dukomeye.
Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, Türkiye n'Ubushinwa ni ibihugu by'ingenzi mu nganda bitewe n'ingaruka zabyo ku isoko ry'ubwikorezi bw'ibicuruzwa. Ku bashoramari b'Abanyamerika, icyifuzo cy'amasoko yo kohereza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga ni cyo kintu gikomeye gituma isoko ry'imbere mu gihugu rikura kurusha isoko ry'imbere mu gihugu.
Ubusanzwe, inganda z’Abanyamerika zazamuye umusaruro wazo binyuze mu kongera ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga, binyuze mu buryo bwo guhangana n’ibiciro. Amasoko akomeye y’ubwikorezi arimo andi yose ya Aziya (usibye Ubushinwa n’umugabane w’Ubuhinde) na Amerika y’Epfo.
Nubwo Ubushinwa bufite uruhare ruto mu bucuruzi mpuzamahanga, bufite ingaruka zikomeye ku isoko ry’ivu rya soda ku isi bitewe n’ihindagurika ry’ibyoherezwa mu mahanga, nk’uko twabibonye muri uyu mwaka.
Nkuko byavuzwe haruguru, Ubushinwa bwongereye ubushobozi bunini mu 2023 na 2024, byongera icyizere cyo gutanga ibicuruzwa byinshi, ariko ibicuruzwa by’Ubushinwa bitumizwa mu mahanga byageze ku rwego rwo hejuru mu gice cya mbere cya 2024.
Muri icyo gihe kandi, ibicuruzwa byoherezwa muri Amerika byazamutseho 13% ugereranyije n'umwaka mu mezi atanu ya mbere y'uyu mwaka, inyungu nini cyane ikaba yaraturutse mu Bushinwa.
Ubwiyongere bw'ibikenewe mu Bushinwa mu 2023 buzagera kuri toni miliyoni 31.4, ahanini bitewe n'ikirahure cy'izuba.
Ubushobozi bw'ivu ry'isukari mu Bushinwa buziyongeraho toni miliyoni 5.5 mu 2024, birenze ibyo byari byitezwe mu gihe cya vuba ku busabe bushya.
Ariko, ukwiyongera kw'ibikenewe byongeye kurenza ibyo byari byitezwe muri uyu mwaka, aho ibikenewe byiyongereyeho 27% ugereranyije n'umwaka mu gice cya mbere cya 2023. Niba igipimo cy'izamuka ry'ibikenewe gikomeje, icyuho kiri hagati y'ibikenewe n'ibikenewe mu Bushinwa ntikizongera kuba kinini cyane.
Igihugu gikomeje kongera ubushobozi bwo gukora ikirahuri cy’izuba, aho biteganijwe ko ubushobozi bwose buzaba bugeze kuri toni miliyoni 46 bitarenze Nyakanga 2024.
Ariko, abayobozi b'Ubushinwa bahangayikishijwe n'ubushobozi bwinshi bwo gukora ikirahuri cy'izuba kandi barimo kuganira kuri politiki zibangamira. Muri icyo gihe, ubushobozi bw'Ubushinwa bwo gushyiraho amashanyarazi ya photovoltaic bwiyongereyeho 29% buri mwaka kuva muri Mutarama kugeza muri Gicurasi 2024, nk'uko Ikigo cy'Igihugu gishinzwe Ingufu kibitangaza.
Ariko, inganda zo mu Bushinwa zikora ibikoresho bya PV modules zirimo gukora nabi, bigatuma zimwe mu nganda nto zikora ibikoresho bito zihagarara cyangwa zigahagarika umusaruro.
Muri icyo gihe, Aziya y'Amajyepfo ifite umubare munini w'ibikoresho byo guteranya module za PV, ahanini bifitwe n'abashoramari b'Abashinwa, ari nabo batanga ibikoresho by'ingenzi ku isoko rya module za PV muri Amerika.
Bivugwa ko zimwe mu nganda zikora ibikomoka ku mirasire y'izuba zahagaritse umusaruro kubera ko guverinoma ya Amerika yakuyeho imisoro y'ibitumizwa mu mahanga. Ahantu hakomeye ho kohereza ibirahure by'izuba mu Bushinwa ni mu bihugu byo muri Aziya y'Amajyepfo y'Amajyepfo.
Nubwo ukwiyongera k'ubukene bw'ivu rya soda mu Bushinwa kwageze ku rwego rudasanzwe, imiterere y'ubukene bw'ivu rya soda hanze y'Ubushinwa iriyongera cyane. Hasi aha hari incamake y'ubukene mu bindi bice bya Aziya na Amerika, igaragaza zimwe muri izo ngenderwaho.
Imibare y’ibitumizwa mu mahanga itanga ikimenyetso cy’ingirakamaro cy’uko ivu rya soda rihagaze mu bindi bice bya Aziya (usibye Ubushinwa n’umugabane w’Ubuhinde) bitewe n’ubushobozi buke bw’umusaruro mu gihugu.
Mu mezi atanu kugeza kuri atandatu ya mbere ya 2024, ibicuruzwa byoherejwe mu karere byageze kuri toni miliyoni 2, bingana na 4.7% ugereranyije n’ibyo mu gihe nk’icyo umwaka ushize (Ishusho ya 2).
Ibirahure bikomoka ku mirasire y'izuba ni byo bituma habaho ibura ry'ivu rya soda mu bindi bice bya Aziya, kandi ibirahure bishobora no kugira uruhare runini mu gutanga umusaruro.
Nkuko bigaragara ku Ishusho ya 3, hari imishinga myinshi y’amashanyarazi akomoka ku mirasire y’izuba n’ibirahure birambuye iteganijwe muri ako karere ishobora kongera toni miliyoni imwe z’ubukene bushya bw’ivu rya soda.
Ariko, inganda zikora indorerwamo z'izuba nazo zihura n'imbogamizi zimwe na zimwe. Imisoro iherutse gutangwa na Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika nko kurwanya itaka rihumanya ikirere no guhangana n'imisoro ishobora kugira ingaruka ku ikorwa rya modules za photovoltaic mu bihugu nka Vietnam na Maleziya.
Imisoro ku bice bikorerwa mu Bushinwa isaba abakora muri ibi bihugu gushaka ibice by'ingenzi ku bagurisha hanze y'Ubushinwa kugira ngo birinde imisoro myinshi. Ibi byongera ikiguzi cyo gukora, bikagora uruhererekane rw'ibicuruzwa, kandi amaherezo bizagabanya ubushobozi bwo guhangana n'ibice bya PV byo muri Aziya y'Amajyepfo y'Epfo ku isoko rya Amerika.
Bivugwa ko imashini nyinshi zo mu Bushinwa zikora porogaramu za PV mu majyepfo y'uburasirazuba bwa Aziya zahagaritse ibikorwa byazo muri Kamena kubera imisoro, ndetse n'ibindi bikorwa bishobora guhagarara mu mezi ari imbere.
Akarere ka Amerika (usibye Amerika) gashingiye cyane ku bicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga. Bityo, impinduka muri rusange mu bicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga zishobora kuba ikimenyetso cyiza cy'ibikenewe.
Amakuru aheruka ku bucuruzi agaragaza imiterere mibi y’ibitumizwa mu mahanga mu mezi atanu kugeza kuri arindwi ya mbere y’umwaka, yagabanutseho 12%, cyangwa toni 285.000 (Ishusho ya 4).
Amerika y'Amajyaruguru, kugeza ubu, yagabanutseho cyane, yagabanutseho 23% cyangwa toni 148.000. Megizike yagabanutseho cyane. Urwego runini rw'ibicuruzwa bikomoka ku ivu rya soda muri Megizike, ikirahuri cyo mu macupa, rwari ruto cyane bitewe n'ibicuruzwa bike bikomoka ku nzoga. Muri rusange, ibikenewe ku ivu rya soda muri Megizike ntibiteganijwe ko bizazamuka kugeza mu 2025.
Ibicuruzwa biva muri Amerika y'Epfo nabyo byagabanutse cyane, ku kigero cya 10% uko umwaka ugenda uhita. Ibicuruzwa biva muri Argentine byagabanutse cyane, ku kigero cya 63% uko umwaka ugenda uhita.
Ariko, kubera ko imishinga myinshi mishya ya lithiamu iteganijwe gutangira gukoreshwa muri uyu mwaka, ibicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga muri Argentine bigomba gutera imbere (Ishusho ya 5).
Mu by’ukuri, lithium karubone ni yo itera imbere cyane mu gukenera ivu rya soda muri Amerika y’Epfo. Nubwo hari ibitekerezo bibi biherutse kugaragara ku nganda za lithium nk’akarere gahenze, icyerekezo cy’igihe giciriritse n’igihe kirekire ni cyiza.
Ibiciro byoherezwa mu mahanga by’abacuruzi bakomeye bigaragaza impinduka mu miterere y’isoko mpuzamahanga (Ishusho ya 6). Ibiciro mu Bushinwa bikunze guhinduka cyane.
Mu 2023, igiciro mpuzandengo cy’Ubushinwa cyo kohereza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga cyari amadolari y’Amerika 360 kuri toni imwe ya FOB, kandi mu ntangiriro za 2024, igiciro cyari amadolari y’Amerika 301 kuri toni imwe ya FOB, kandi muri Kamena, cyagabanutse kigera kuri amadolari y’Amerika 264 kuri toni imwe ya FOB.
Hagati aho, igiciro cyo kohereza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga muri Turukiya cyari amadolari y'Amerika 386 kuri toni ya metric FOB mu ntangiriro za 2023, amadolari y'Amerika 211 kuri toni ya metric FOB mu Kuboza 2023, na amadolari y'Amerika 193 kuri toni ya metric FOB mu Gicurasi 2024.
Kuva muri Mutarama kugeza muri Gicurasi 2024, ibiciro byoherezwa mu mahanga muri Amerika byari impuzandengo y'amadolari 230 kuri toni ya FAS, munsi y'igiciro cy'umwaka cya $298 kuri toni ya FAS muri 2023.
Muri rusange, inganda zikora ivu rya soda ziherutse kugaragaza ibimenyetso by'ubushobozi burenze urugero. Ariko, niba iterambere ry'ibikenewe mu Bushinwa rishobora gukomeza, ubushobozi bwo gutanga ibicuruzwa birenze urugero bushobora kuba butari bukomeye nk'uko byatekerezwaga.
Ariko, ibyinshi muri ibi bizamuka bituruka ku rwego rw'ingufu zisukuye, icyiciro gifite ubushobozi bwo gukenera budashobora gusobanurwa neza.
Ishami rishinzwe iperereza ku isoko ry’ibinyabutabire rya OPIS, Dow Jones & Company, rizakira Inama Mpuzamahanga ya 17 ngarukamwaka ya Soda Ash izabera muri Malta kuva ku ya 9 kugeza ku ya 11 Ukwakira uyu mwaka. Insanganyamatsiko y’inama ngarukamwaka ni “Ikinyuranyo cy’ivu rya Soda”.
Inama Mpuzamahanga y’Ivu rya Soda (reba ibumoso) izahuza impuguke mpuzamahanga n’abayobozi b’inganda baturutse mu nzego zose z’isoko kugira ngo bumve ibizatangazwa n’inzobere ku nganda zikora ivu rya soda n’izindi nganda zifitanye isano, baganire ku miterere y’isoko, imbogamizi n’amahirwe, kandi basuzume ingaruka z’impinduka mu miterere y’isoko mpuzamahanga, harimo n’uburyo isoko ry’Ubushinwa rizagira ingaruka ku isi.
Abasomyi ba Glass International bashobora kugabanyirizwa 10% ku matike y'inama bakoresheje kode GLASS10.
Jess ni Umuyobozi Wungirije wa Glass International. Kuva mu 2017 yigaga inyandiko zihanga kandi z’umwuga, akaba yararangije impamyabumenyi ye mu 2020. Mbere yo kujya muri Quartz Business Media, Jess yakoraga nk'umwanditsi wigenga mu bigo bitandukanye n’ibitabo.