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Nyuma y’iperereza ryakozwe n’Ikigo cy’Ubusugire bw’Igihugu ku rupfu rwa methylene chloride rwari rumaze imyaka ibarirwa muri za mirongo, Ikigo gishinzwe kurengera ibidukikije muri Amerika mu 2019 cyabujije kugurisha irangi ririmo icyo kintu ku bakoresha, kandi abavandimwe b’abahohotewe n’abashinzwe umutekano bakomeje gutangiza ubukangurambaga bwo gushyira igitutu ku baturage. Ikigo gishinzwe kurengera ibidukikije kirimo gufata ingamba.
Iyandikishe kugira ngo ubone amakuru agezweho ajyanye n'ubusumbane aturuka mu miryango ikorera mu baturage ku buntu.
Ishyirahamwe riri gusaba byinshi: bavuga ko abakozi badakingirwa n'amategeko maremare. Imfu nyinshi ziterwa no kwanduzwa na methylene chloride zibera ku kazi. Udukoresho two gukuraho irangi si two twonyine ushobora kubibona.
Ubu Ikigo gishinzwe kurengera ibidukikije kirimo gutanga igitekerezo cyo guhagarika ikoreshwa rya methylene chloride—hari ibitarakorwa, ariko ni bike cyane.
“Ndatunguwe gato, urabizi?” Umuvandimwe wa Brian Wynn w’imyaka 31, Drew, yapfuye mu 2017 ubwo yakuraga irangi muri firigo y’ikigo. Wynn yabanje gutekereza ko igikorwa cya EPA cyo mu 2019 cyo kurwanya abakuraho amarangi “cyaba ari cyo gihe kinini twashoboraga gukora—twahuye n’urukuta rw’amatafari rw’abashyigikiye inkunga n’Inteko Ishinga Amategeko bahembwaga kugira ngo bahagarike abantu nk’aba.” nkatwe kandi bagenzura ko inyungu zabo ziza imbere n’umutekano.”
Iryo tegeko ryatanzwe rizabuza ikoreshwa rya methylene chloride mu bicuruzwa byose bikoreshwa n’abantu ndetse no mu "bikorwa byinshi byo mu nganda no mu bucuruzi," nk'uko byatangajwe n'ikigo mu itangazo ryacyo mu cyumweru gishize.
Ikigo gishinzwe kurengera ibidukikije cyavuze ko cyizeye ko iri tegeko rizatangira gukurikizwa muri Kanama 2024. Amategeko ya leta agomba kunyura mu nzira yashyizweho iha abaturage amahirwe yo kugira icyo bakora ku musaruro wa nyuma.
Iyi miti, izwi kandi nka methylene chloride, iboneka ku maduka mu bicuruzwa nka aerosol degreasers na brush cleaners bikoreshwa mu irangi no mu gusiga amarangi. Ikoreshwa mu makorano y’ubucuruzi n’amafunga. Abakora bayikoresha mu gukora indi miti.
Ikigo cyavuze ko nibura abantu 85 bapfuye bazize kwibasirwa na methylene chloride vuba cyane kuva mu 1980, harimo n'abakozi bahawe amahugurwa ku bijyanye n'umutekano n'ibikoresho byo kwirinda.
Iyo mibare ikomoka ku bushakashatsi bwakozwe na OSHA na Kaminuza ya California, San Francisco mu 2021, bwabaruye umubare w’abapfuye ubu hashingiwe ku mibare yabanje y’ubunyangamugayo bw’abaturage. Uyu mubare ni nk’aho utari uw’ingenzi kuko bumwe mu buryo methylene chloride yica abantu ari ugutera indwara z’umutima n’imitsi, ku muntu ubyitegereza bisa n’urupfu ruturutse ku mpamvu zisanzwe keretse umuntu yiteguye gukora inyigo z’uburozi.
Nate Bradford Jr. akora akazi ko kubungabunga imibereho y'abirabura mu buhinzi. Iki gihembwe cya Heist kivuga ku rugamba rwe rwo kubaho mu gihe leta yarwanyaga ivangura ryakorewe abahinzi b'abirabura. Iyandikishe kugira ngo ubone amakuru n'amatangazo inyuma y'aho ibintu biherereye igihe ibice bishya bizaba bisohotse.
Nk’uko Ikigo gishinzwe kurengera ibidukikije (EPA) kibitangaza, uyu muti wateje “ingaruka zikomeye kandi z’igihe kirekire ku buzima” nka kanseri ku bantu bahuye n’uyu muti, ariko ntabwo ari ku rwego rwo guhitana ubuzima bwabo.
“Ingaruka za methylene chloride zirazwi cyane,” icyo kigo cyanditse mu itegeko ryatanzwe.
Iperereza ryakozwe mu 2015 ku busugire bw’abaturage ryagaragaje ko amahirwe yo kurokora ubuzima yagiye abura inshuro nyinshi kuva mu myaka ya 1970. Ariko, hari impfu nyinshi zabaye nyuma y’uko Ikigo gishinzwe kurengera ibidukikije gitanze iri tegeko bwa mbere muri Mutarama 2017, mu mpera za guverinoma ya Obama, maze ubutegetsi bwa Trump butinda kuri iryo tegeko kugeza ubwo bwahatiwe kugira icyo bukora.
Liz Hitchcock, umuyobozi wa Safer Chemicals for Healthier Families, gahunda ya politiki ya leta igamije ahazaza hatagira uburozi, ari mu bamaze imyaka myinshi bakora kugira ngo barangize ubwicanyi buterwa na methylene chloride. Yishimiye itangazo ry’iri hagarikwa nk’“umunsi ukomeye”.
Yagize ati: “Nanone, abantu barimo gupfa kubera gukoresha iyi miti.” “Iyo abantu bakoresheje iyi miti, abantu bari hafi yabo bararwara kandi abantu bakarwara indwara zidakira bitewe no gukoresha iyi miti. Turashaka kwemeza ko turinda abantu benshi bashoboka.”
Ariko yishimiye kumva ko Ikigo gishinzwe kurengera ibidukikije cyizera ko iri tegeko ritazarangira mu mezi 15 ashize.
Lauren Atkins, umuhungu we w'imyaka 31 witwa Joshua yapfuye mu 2018 nyuma yo gukoresha irangi mu gusiga irangi igare rye rya BMX, afite impungenge ko ikoreshwa ryaryo ritazahagarikwa. Yababajwe cyane no kubona ibyo byobo mu itangazo.
Atkins yagize ati: “Nagiye gusimbuka kugeza igihe narangije igitabo cyose, hanyuma numva mbabaye cyane.” Nyuma y’urupfu rw’umuhungu we, intego ye kwari ugukura methylene chloride ku isoko kugira ngo itica undi muntu. “Napfushije umuhungu wanjye, ariko umuhungu wanjye yatakaje byose.”
Ikigo gishinzwe kurengera ibidukikije cyavuze ko ikoreshwa ry’iyi miti mu gukora imiti ritagengwa n’Itegeko rigenga kurwanya uburozi, bityo ntiribujijwe n’amabwiriza yatanzwe. Ikigo cyavuze ko abakozi bakomeza gukoresha methylene chloride mu bindi bikorwa byemewe n’umushinga bazarindwa na “Gahunda nshya yo kugenzura imiti mu kazi ifite imipaka ikomeye yo kwihishamo.” Methylene chloride ishobora kwica iyo umwuka wirundanyije ahantu hafunze.
Ikoreshwa rimwe na rimwe rinini rizaguma muri izi misoro, harimo imirimo "y'ingenzi" cyangwa "y'ingenzi ku mutekano" ikorwa n'igisirikare, NASA, Ikigo cy'Indege cya Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, n'abakora ibikorwa byabo; ikoreshwa muri laboratwari; Amerika n'amasosiyete ayikoresha nk'imashini igabanya ubukana cyangwa akayikora ku mpamvu zemewe, nk'uko Ikigo gishinzwe kurengera ibidukikije cyabivuze.
Uretse ibigo bya leta, methylene chloride ntikiboneka mu bikoresho byo gusiga amarangi. Iki gicuruzwa ni cyo gikunze gutera impfu mu bakozi bavugurura ubwogero bushaje mu ngo no mu mazu.
Kandi methylene chloride ntizongera gukoreshwa mu gusohora amavuta mu bucuruzi no mu nganda, gukuraho kole, kurangiza imyenda, amavuta y'amazi, kole zo kwishimisha n'izindi nyinshi.
“Kuri ubu, abantu bagera ku 845.000 bahura na methylene chloride mu kazi,” ibi byatangajwe n’ikigo gishinzwe kurengera ibidukikije mu itangazo. “Dukurikije icyifuzo cya EPA, abakozi bari munsi y’ibihumbi 10 biteganijwe gukomeza gukoresha methylene chloride no gukora gahunda zisabwa zo kurinda imiti mu kazi ingaruka zitari zo.”
Dr. Robert Harrison, umwarimu w’ubuvuzi bw’imyuga n’ibidukikije muri Kaminuza ya California, i San Francisco, amaze imyaka igera ku icumi akora kuri methylene chloride. Yavuze ko Ikigo gishinzwe kurengera ibidukikije kirimo gukurikiza igitekerezo cyo kugerageza kuringaniza umutekano n’ibibazo by’ubukungu n’umutekano w’igihugu, kandi yasanze uburyo bwo guhagarika ibi bikorwa butera inkunga.
“Ndatekereza ko iyi ari intsinzi. Iyi ni intsinzi ku bakozi,” ibi ni ibyatangajwe na Harrison, wagize uruhare mu bushakashatsi bwakozwe mu 2021 ku mpfu zikomoka ku binyabutabire. “Ibi bitanga urugero rwiza cyane mu gufata ibyemezo no gushyiraho amahame ashingiye ku bumenyi busobanutse… Tugomba guhagarika iyi miti ihumanya kugira ngo dufate indi miti itekanye kandi ikora nabi kuruta ibyiza.”
Ushobora gutekereza ko imiti idakwiye kugurishwa ku isoko keretse iyo bigaragaye ko nta kibazo ifite. Ariko si ko gahunda y'Abanyamerika ikora.
Impungenge ku mutekano w’ibinyabutabire zatumye Inteko Ishinga Amategeko ishyiraho Itegeko ryo Kurwanya Ibiyobyabwenge mu 1976, ryashyizeho ibisabwa bimwe na bimwe ku binyabutabire. Ariko ingamba zifatwa nk'izidakomeye, bigatuma Ikigo gishinzwe kurengera ibidukikije kitagira ububasha bwo gukora isuzuma rusange ry’umutekano. Ikigo cya Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, cyasohotse mu 1982, kigaragaza ibinyabutabire bigera ku 62.000, kandi uwo mubare ukomeje kwiyongera.
Mu 2016, Inteko Ishinga Amategeko yavuguruye TSCA kugira ngo yemerere Ikigo gishinzwe kurengera ibidukikije gukora isuzuma ry’ibyago bya shimi. Methylene chloride ni cyo kibazo cya mbere ikigo cyakemuye.
“Niyo mpamvu tugerageza kuvugurura TSCA,” ibi byavuzwe na Hitchcock, wasangiye n’ibiro by’inama nshingamategeko iperereza ku busugire bw’abaturage muri icyo gihe nk’ingero zikomeye z’uko nta gikorwa cyahitanye abantu.
Intambwe ikurikira mu itegeko ryo guhagarika methylene chloride izaba iminsi 60 yo gutanga ibitekerezo ku mugaragaro. Abantu bazashobora gutanga ibitekerezo byabo ku murongo w’ibikorwa bya EPA, kandi abaharanira umutekano barimo gukusanya ibitekerezo kuri iki kibazo.
Hitchcock yagize ati: “Iyi ni intambwe ikomeye ku buzima rusange, ariko ntabwo idafite ingaruka mbi zayo.” Yifuzaga kubona ibitekerezo “bisaba Ikigo gishinzwe kurengera ibidukikije gushyiraho amabwiriza akomeye ashoboka.”
Hari igihe Harrison yavuze ko amategeko agenga ubutabire muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika yagenze buhoro cyane kugeza ubwo ibirunga byatangiye kubirenga. Ariko abona iterambere ryatewe kuva ku mavugurura ya TSCA yo mu 2016. Itegeko rishya kuri methylene chloride rimuha icyizere.
Yagize ati: “Hari ibindi binyabutabire byinshi bishobora gukurikira icyemezo cya Amerika kuri methylene chloride.”
Ubunyangamugayo bwa rubanda nta ruhare rufite kandi ntirwemera kwamamaza bityo itangazamakuru ryacu rikora iperereza rishobora kugira ingaruka zikomeye mu gukemura ubusumbane muri Amerika. Akazi kacu karashoboka kubera inkunga y'abantu nkawe.
Jamie Smith Hopkins ni umwanditsi mukuru akaba n'umunyamakuru mukuru w'Ikigo cy'Ubusugire bwa Rubanda. Mu byo akora harimo n'ibindi bihangano bya Jamie Smith Hopkins.
Ikigo cy’Ubusugire bwa rubanda ni umuryango w’itangazamakuru udaharanira inyungu ukorera mu iperereza ryibanda ku busumbane muri Amerika. Ntitwemera kwamamaza cyangwa ngo duhe abantu amafaranga yo gusoma ibyo dukora.
       Iyi nkuruyagaragaye bwa mbere muriIkigo cy'Ubusugire bw'abaturagekandi yongeye gusohoka hakurikijwe uruhushya rwa Creative Commons.