Ku ya 3 Gicurasi 2023, EPA yasohoye itegeko ryo gucunga ingaruka ryatanzwe mu gice cya 6 (a) cy’Itegeko ryo Kugenzura Ibiyobyabwenge (TSCA) rishyiraho amabwiriza ku ikorwa, gutumizwa mu mahanga, gutunganya, gukwirakwiza, no gukoresha dichloromethane. Ikinyabutabire cyakoreshejwe mu buryo butandukanye mu bucuruzi no mu bucuruzi. Iri ni ryo tegeko rya mbere ryatanzwe na EPA ryo gucunga ingaruka kuva aho yasohoye ibisobanuro bivuguruye by’ingaruka umwaka ushize hashingiwe ku "buryo bushya bwa "chemical approach" na politiki isaba abakozi kutambara ibikoresho byo kwirinda (PPE). Rigaragaza kandi kwaguka gukomeye kw’amategeko agenga imiti isanzwe igengwa n’amategeko agenga TSCA, nubwo ayo mategeko yari akomeye cyane hakurikijwe gahunda ya EPA yo gucunga ingaruka.
EPA irateganya guhagarika ikorwa, itunganywa n'ikwirakwizwa rya dichloromethane mu bucuruzi mu ngo; guhagarika ikoreshwa ryinshi rya dichloromethane mu nganda no mu bucuruzi; isaba ko gahunda yo kurinda imiti ikoreshwa mu kazi (WCPP) ikomeza gukora no gutanga uburenganzira ku ikoreshwa ry'ibintu by'ingenzi mu gihe runaka hakurikijwe ingingo ya 6 (g) ya TSCA ku ikoreshwa rya methylene chloride ishobora kwangiza umutekano w'igihugu n'ibikorwa remezo by'ingenzi. Abafatanyabikorwa bafite kugeza ku ya 3 Nyakanga 2023 kugira ngo bagire icyo bavuga ku itegeko ryatanzwe.
Mu gutanga ingamba zo gucunga ingaruka za dichloromethane, EPA yasanze gukoresha iyi shimi kenshi mu bikorwa by’abaguzi, ubucuruzi, n’inganda bisaba ingamba zo kugenzura, cyane cyane itegeko ribuza, nk’uko bigaragara mu mbonerahamwe ya 3 y’itegeko ryatanzwe. Inyinshi muri izi ngingo zikoreshwa zirimo, ariko ntizigarukira gusa ku, ikoreshwa rya methylene chloride mu nganda no mu bucuruzi mu gusukura ibintu bisukura, amarangi n’ibisigazwa (no kumesa), gukuraho amavuta mu mwuka, kole, ibifunga, ibifunga, imyenda n’imyenda, n’ibikoresho byo kwita ku modoka. , amavuta n’ibisigazwa, insulation y’imiyoboro, gucukura peteroli na gaze, ibikinisho, ibikoresho byo gukina na siporo, n’ibicuruzwa bya pulasitiki na kawunga. EPA yanasanze ikoreshwa ryose rya dichloromethane rigomba guhagarikwa.
EPA ivuga ko ibisabwa muri uwo mushinga bibuza ikoreshwa ringana na kimwe cya gatatu cy’umusaruro wose wa buri mwaka (TSCA n’ikoreshwa ritari irya TSCA) rya methylene chloride ikorwa, “bigasiga imigabane ihagije ikwirakwira kugira ngo itange isoko EPA iteganya kwemerera.” Gukomeza gukoreshwa. Iyi mikoreshereze y’ingenzi cyangwa iy’ibanze ikoreshwa binyuze mu Gutanga Ikiguzi cy’Ikoreshwa ry’Ibintu mu buryo bw’Icyangiritse cyangwa WCPP.
Iyo EPA ibonye ko ikintu runaka gifite ibyago bidasanzwe byo kwangiza ubuzima bw'abantu cyangwa ibidukikije mu isuzuma ryayo ry'ibyago, igomba gutanga ibisabwa mu gucunga ibyago ku rugero rukenewe kugira ngo icyo kintu kitazongera kugira ibyo byago. Mu gihe ishyiraho imipaka yo gucunga ibyago ku kintu kinyabutabire, EPA igomba gusuzuma ingaruka z'itegeko mu bukungu, harimo ikiguzi n'inyungu, uburyo ikiguzi cyaryo kigerwaho, n'ingaruka z'iryo tegeko ku bukungu, ubucuruzi buto, n'udushya mu ikoranabuhanga. Niba icyo kintu kigomba guhagarikwa, hari ubundi buryo bushoboka mu rwego rwa tekiniki no mu bukungu.
EPA itanga amabwiriza akurikira yo guhagarika ikoreshwa rya methylene chloride n'amatariki yo gutangira gukurikizwa:
EPA yanashyizeho amabwiriza yo kumenyesha no kubika inyandiko ku bigo bitanga methylene chloride ku bakiriya.
Gukoresha dichloromethane mu gukuraho amarangi n'amabara yo gusiga ku bakoresha ntibiri muri iri tegeko ribuza, kuko iri tegeko risanzwe rikoreshwa muri EPA rigenga imicungire y'ibyago ryasohotse mu 2019, ryanditswe muri 40 CFR § 751.101.
Ingingo ya 6 (g) ya TSCA yemerera EPA gukuraho andi mahitamo ku bisabwa n'itegeko ryo gucunga ingaruka ku mikoreshereze y'ingenzi cyangwa iy'ingenzi EPA ibona ko ihari. Yemerera kandi kurekura niba EPA isanze kubahiriza iri tegeko byangiza bikomeye ubukungu bw'igihugu, umutekano w'igihugu, cyangwa ibikorwa remezo by'ingenzi. Ikigo gishinzwe kurengera ibidukikije muri Amerika gisaba ko methylene chloride ikoreshwa mu buryo bw'ingenzi mu bihe bikurikira:
EPA yatanze WCPP ku ikoreshwa ryemewe rya dichloromethane ikubiyemo ibisabwa byose mu kurinda abakozi kwandura, harimo kurinda ubuhumekero, gukoresha PPE, gukurikirana ibyangiritse, guhugura, n'ahantu hagenzurwa. Ni ngombwa kumenya ko EPA yatanze igitekerezo cy'uko hari imipaka iriho y'ibinyabutabire (ECEL) ku gipimo cya methylene chloride kiri mu kirere kiri hejuru ya 2 pa miliyoni (ppm) hashingiwe ku mpuzandengo y'amasaha 8 (TWA), iri hasi cyane ugereranije n'umupaka wemewe wa OSHA (PEL) kuri dichloromethane ari 25 ppm. Igipimo cy'ibikorwa cyatanzwe cyaba kimwe cya kabiri cy'agaciro ka ECEL, byatera ibikorwa by'inyongera byo kugenzura kugira ngo abakozi badahura n'igipimo kiri hejuru ya ECEL. EPA inasaba gushyiraho umupaka w'igihe gito (EPA STEL) wa 16 ppm mu gihe cy'iminota 15 cyo gupima.
Aho guhagarika, EPA itanga amabwiriza yo kurinda abakozi mu buryo bukurikira:
Gutunganya: Nk'igikoresho cyo gukosora. Menya ko EPA yemerera iyi mikoreshereze gukomeza hakurikijwe WCPP kuko ifata ko ingano nini ya dichloromethane yongera gukoreshwa muri iyi mikoreshereze, hafi ya yose ikaba ikoreshwa mu gukora HFC-32. HFC-32 ni imwe mu bintu bigenzurwa hakurikijwe Itegeko ry'Abanyamerika rigenga udushya n'inganda (AIM Act) ryo mu 2020. EPA yiteze ko mu kwemerera HFC-32, iri tegeko ritazabangamira imbaraga zo kugabanya ubushyuhe bw'isi.
Gukoreshwa mu nganda cyangwa mu bucuruzi mu gukuraho irangi n'amabara ku ndege zikomeye, zishobora kwangirika n'ibice by'indege bifitwe cyangwa bicungwa na Minisiteri y'Ingabo ya Amerika, NASA, Umutekano w'Igihugu, n'Ikigo gishinzwe iby'Indege cya Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, ikigo, cyangwa ikigo gikora imirimo yo kubaka ahantu hagenzurwa n'ikigo cyangwa ikigo cyihariye.
Gukoreshwa mu nganda cyangwa mu bucuruzi nk'ubukorikori bwa acrylic na polycarbonate mu modoka za gisirikare n'izo mu kirere zikora imirimo y'ingenzi, harimo no gukora bateri zidasanzwe cyangwa abakozi b'ibigo.
Abafatanyabikorwa bakora, batunganya, bakwirakwiza, cyangwa bakoresha methylene chloride mu buryo ubwo aribwo bwose bukoreshwa muri EPA bashobora gushishikazwa no gutanga ibitekerezo ku ngingo nyinshi z'iri tegeko rigena ishyirwaho ry'intangiriro. Abafatanyabikorwa bashobora gutekereza gutanga umusanzu muri EPA muri ibi bikurikira:
Gusuzuma Uburyo bwo Kugenzura Ingaruka ku Mikoreshereze: Abafatanyabikorwa bashobora gushaka gusuzuma niba ibisabwa mu gucunga ingaruka kuri buri mikoreshereze bihuye n’isuzuma ry’ingaruka za methylene chloride rya EPA kuri buri mikoreshereze na EPA. ™ Ububasha bwemewe n’amategeko buteganywa n’Ingingo ya 6 ya TSCA. Urugero, niba EPA isanze uruhu rwa methylene chloride mu mikoreshereze imwe n’imwe bitera ibyago bidashoboka, kandi niba EPA isaba ibirenze kurinda uruhu kugira ngo igabanye ibyago, abafatanyabikorwa bashobora gushaka gusuzuma niba ibyo bisabwa by’inyongera bikwiye.
Ibiciro: EPA ivuga ko ibiciro by'inyongera byo kudafunga bifitanye isano n'iri tegeko byatanzwe ari miliyoni 13.2 z'amadolari mu myaka 20 ku gipimo cyo kugabanyirizwa cya 3% na miliyoni 14.5 z'amadolari mu myaka 20 ku gipimo cyo kugabanyirizwa cya 7%. Abafatanyabikorwa bashobora gushaka gusuzuma niba aya mafaranga ateganyijwe akubiyemo ibintu byose byo gushyira mu bikorwa iri tegeko, harimo n'ikiguzi cyo kongera gushyiraho itegeko (kubuza ikoreshwa) cyangwa kubahiriza amabwiriza ya WCPP kugira ngo yemererwe gukomeza gukoreshwa, harimo no kubahiriza amabwiriza ya ECEL 2 ppm.
Ibisabwa na WCPP: Ku bijyanye n'amategeko agenga ikoreshwa rya EPA, abafatanyabikorwa bashobora gusuzuma niba bafite amakuru ashyigikira iyubahirizwa rya WCPP azagabanya bihagije ikwirakwizwa ry'ibiyobyabwenge aho kugabanya ikoreshwa ryabyo (cyane cyane ku mategeko agenga ikoreshwa ryabyo aho EPA itanga WCPP nk'ubundi buryo bw'ibanze, nk'uko byagaragajwe mu itegeko rigena uburyo bwo kugabanya ikoreshwa ryabyo. Abafatanyabikorwa bashobora kandi gushaka gusuzuma niba ibisabwa na WCPP bishoboka kandi bagatekereza ku iyubahirizwa ry'amahame ya OSHA kuri methylene chloride.
Ingengabihe: Abafatanyabikorwa bashobora gusuzuma niba ingengabihe yo guhagarika iteganyijwe ishoboka kandi niba hari ubundi buryo bwo gukoresha bushobora kwitabwaho kugira ngo habeho igihe ntarengwa cyo gukoresha ibintu bikomeye hakurikijwe ibiteganywa n'amategeko kugira ngo habeho kudakoresha ibintu bikomeye.
Amahitamo: Abafatanyabikorwa bashobora gutanga ibitekerezo ku isuzuma rya EPA ku bisimbura methylene chloride no kureba niba hari ubundi buryo buhendutse kandi bwizewe bwo guhindura ikoreshwa ribujijwe nk'uko biteganywa n'itegeko.
Urwego ntarengwa: EPA yasabye by'umwihariko gutanga igitekerezo ku mubare w'inyubako zishobora kwangirika n'ikiguzi kijyanye nabyo, kandi ibuza ikoreshwa rya dichloromethane mu bihe bimwe na bimwe byo gukoreshwa mu nganda no mu bucuruzi byavuzwe mu itegeko riteganywa. EPA yifuza kandi gutanga igitekerezo ku birebana n'uko urugero ntarengwa rwa methylene chloride (urugero: 0.1% cyangwa 0.5%) mu buryo bumwe na bumwe bwo gukoreshwa mu nganda no mu bucuruzi mu buryo burambye rugomba kwitabwaho mu gihe cyo kurangiza itegeko ribuza, kandi niba ari byo, urugero rugomba gufatwa nk'urwego ntarengwa.
Impamyabumenyi n'Amahugurwa: Mu cyifuzo cyayo, EPA yasobanuye ko yanasuzumye uburyo gahunda zo kwemeza no gukoresha imiti mu buryo butekanye bibuza ikoreshwa rya methylene chloride ku bakoresha babihuguriwe kandi bafite uruhushya kugira ngo harebwe ko abakozi bamwe na bamwe mu bakozi b'inganda ari bo bonyine bashobora kugura no gukoresha dichloromethane. Abafatanyabikorwa bashobora gushaka gutanga ibitekerezo ku bijyanye no kumenya niba gahunda zo kwemeza no kwigisha zishobora kugira akamaro mu kugabanya ibyago ku bakozi nk'uburyo bwo gucunga ingaruka mu bihe bimwe na bimwe byo gukoresha, harimo n'amabwiriza yo gukoresha EPA iteganya guhagarika.
Ashingiye ku bunararibonye bwe nk'umujyanama mu by'amategeko no kuba umunyamategeko wigenga, Javane afasha abakiriya mu bibazo bijyanye n'imiti, ibidukikije n'amategeko agenga iyubahirizwa ry'amategeko.
Nk’uko biri mu rwego rwo kubungabunga ibidukikije rwa Javaneh, agira inama abakiriya ku bibazo byo kubahiriza amategeko no kubahiriza amategeko aturuka ku mategeko menshi y’ibinyabutabire, harimo Itegeko ryo Kurwanya Ibiyobyabwenge by’Uburozi (TSCA), Itegeko ryo Kurwanya Ibiyobyabwenge bya Leta, Ibiyobyabwenge n’Ibiyobyabwenge by’Abagore (FIFRA), na Leta Proposition 65 muri California n’ibicuruzwa bisukura. Itegeko ku burenganzira bwo kubona amakuru. Afasha kandi abakiriya guteza imbere…
Yahoze ari Umuyobozi Mukuru mu Kigo gishinzwe Kurengera Ibidukikije cya Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika (EPA), Greg afite ubumenyi bwe bwimbitse ku nzego, amategeko n'iyubahirizwa ry'amategeko kugira ngo afashe abakiriya gukemura ibibazo bikomeye by'ibidukikije hamwe n'uburambe mu bibazo by'amategeko bya CERCLA/Superfund, amashami yasizwe, RCRA, FIFRA na TSCA.
Greg afite uburambe bw'imyaka irenga 15 mu mategeko agenga ibidukikije, afasha abakiriya mu bijyanye n'amategeko agenga ibidukikije, iyubahirizwa ry'amategeko, imanza n'ibikorwa by'ubucuruzi. Uburambe bwe mu mirimo yihariye no mu nzego za leta, cyane cyane mu kigo gishinzwe kurengera ibidukikije, bwamuhaye amahirwe yo…
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Nancy afite uburambe bw'imyaka irenga 20 mu bijyanye n'ubuzima rusange, 16 muri yo akaba yarayimaze muri guverinoma, harimo n'imyanya yo hejuru mu Kigo gishinzwe kurengera ibidukikije (EPA) no muri White House. Nk'umuganga w'uburozi, afite ubumenyi bwimbitse mu bya siyansi mu isuzuma ry'ibyago by'imiti,…
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Matt aha abakiriya be ubunararibonye n'ubumenyi bwinshi ku iterambere riherutse mu mategeko agenga ibidukikije. Nk'Umujyanama Mukuru wa EPA, yatanze inama ku ishyirwaho no kurengera hafi ya yose amabwiriza akomeye yatanzwe na EPA kuva mu 2017, ndetse no ku giti cye…
Paul Niffeler ni Inzobere mu mategeko agenga ibidukikije mu biro bya Hunton Andrews Kurth muri Richmond, akaba afite uburambe bw'imyaka irenga 15 mu guha abakiriya inama ku mabwiriza agenga ibidukikije, inama ku kubahiriza amategeko n'amategeko agenga ibidukikije mu rwego rw'iburanisha no mu bujurire.
Paul afite imikorere itandukanye yibanda ku kugenzura no kubahiriza imiti, amategeko agenga imyanda ihumanya ikirere, amazi, amazi yo mu butaka n'amazi meza. Asobanukiwe neza ikoranabuhanga rikoreshwa na leta n'igihugu…
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