Ku ya 3 Gicurasi 2023, EPA yasohoye itegeko ryatanzwe mu gitabo cya Leta gishinzwe gukumira ikoreshwa rya methylene chloride.
Kwemererwa kwa EPA kw'itegeko ryatanzwe byemejwe hakurikijwe Itegeko ryo Kurwanya Ibiyobyabwenge (TSCA), kandi dichloromethane ni yo miti ya kabiri ishobora kugenzurwa n'ingaruka zayo hakurikijwe inzira yo kuvugurura yashyizweho na Frank R. Lautenberg. Itegeko ryo mu kinyejana cya 21 rigenga umutekano w'ibinyabutabire ryo mu 2016, nyuma y'uko ikigo gikurikiranye ingamba zo kurinda abantu kwanduzwa na asbestos, ryashyizweho umwaka ushize.
Dichloromethane ikoreshwa mu buryo butandukanye, harimo n'ikoreshwa ry'abaguzi nko gukaraba aerosol n'imashini zisukura uburoso mu marangi no mu gusiga amarangi, ikoreshwa mu bucuruzi nko gukodesha no gufunga, hamwe n'ikoreshwa mu nganda mu gukora indi miti. Urugero, dichloromethane ikoreshwa nk'ikinyabutabire mu gukora hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs)32, ikoreshwa mu bikoresho bivangwa n'ibikonjesha kugira ngo bisimbuze ibintu bifite ubushobozi bwo kwiyongera k'ubushyuhe bw'isi.
Ikigo gishinzwe kurengera ibidukikije kivuga ko nibura abantu 85 bapfuye bazize methylene chloride kuva mu 1980, abenshi muri bo bakaba bari abakozi bashinzwe imirimo yo gutunganya amazu yabo, bakaba bari barahuguwe neza kandi bafite ibikoresho byo kwirinda.
Isuzuma ry’ingaruka za dichloromethane ritashingiwe ku gipimo cy’ingaruka zatewe n’ikigo ryatewe n’ingaruka ziterwa n’abakozi, abatari abakoresha (abakozi bari hafi ariko batahuye n’iyi miti), abayikoresha, n’abari hafi y’aho umuguzi akorera. Ikigo gishinzwe kurengera ibidukikije cyagaragaje ingaruka mbi ku buzima bw’abantu, harimo uburozi bw’ubwonko, ingaruka z’umwijima na kanseri ziterwa no guhumeka, ndetse n’ingaruka za methylene chloride ku ruhu.
Amategeko yatanzwe yo gucunga ingaruka azagabanya vuba umusaruro, itunganywa n'ikwirakwizwa rya methylene chloride ku bicuruzwa byose bikoreshwa n'abaguzi ndetse n'ikoreshwa ryinshi mu nganda no mu bucuruzi, inyinshi muri zo zizashyirwa mu bikorwa byuzuye mu mezi 15. Ku ikoreshwa ryinshi rya methylene chloride EPA iteganya guhagarika, isesengura ryayo ryagaragaje ko hari uburyo bwo gukoresha methylene chloride mu buryo buhendutse kandi bufite akamaro muri rusange.
“Ubumenyi bw’inyuma ya methylene chloride burasobanutse neza kandi kwishyira mu kaga bishobora guteza ingaruka zikomeye ku buzima ndetse n’urupfu, ibyo bikaba ari ukuri ku miryango myinshi yabuze ababo bazize uburozi bukabije,” nk’uko byatangajwe n’umuyobozi wa EPA, Michael S. Regan. mu itangazo ryashyizwe ahagaragara n’ikigo. “Niyo mpamvu EPA ifata ingamba zo kurengera ubuzima bw’abakozi binyuze mu gushyiraho uburyo bukomeye bwo kugenzura aho bakorera buzabuza ikoreshwa ry’iki kinyabutabire no kugabanya kwishyira mu kaga mu bindi byose. Twandikire. Iri hagarikwa ry’amateka rigaragaza intambwe ikomeye twateye mu gushyira mu bikorwa ingamba nshya zo kurinda umutekano w’ibinyabutabire no gushyiraho ingamba zamaze igihe kirekire zo kurengera ubuzima rusange.”
“Ku bijyanye n’inganda, gutunganya inganda, no gukoresha leta EPA itatanze igitekerezo cyo guhagarika, EPA itanga gahunda yo kurinda imiti ihumanya ikirere mu kazi ifite imipaka ikomeye yo guhumanya ikirere kugira ngo irusheho kurinda abakozi,” nk’uko byatangajwe mu itangazo. “EPA yakiriye ibitekerezo by’inganda bigaragaza ko hari ibigo bimwe na bimwe bishobora kuba byujuje ibisabwa ku gukwirakwiza methylene chloride. Ibi bisabwa byakwemerera gukomeza gutunganya methylene chloride gukora imiti ihumanya ikirere ari ingenzi mu kugabanya imbaraga zo guhangana n’imihindagurikire y’ikirere nk’uko bivugwa muri Raporo y’Udushya n’Uruganda rwa Amerika. Ibikorwa ni ingenzi. Ibikoresho bikonjesha n’ibindi binyabutabire birwanya imihindagurikire y’ikirere bigira uruhare runini mu kurwanya imihindagurikire y’ikirere, kandi itegeko rya EPA rishyigikira ingamba zikomeje zo kugabanya imyuka ihumanya ikirere.”
Byongeye kandi, EPA ivuga ko imikoreshereze imwe n'imwe ya dichloromethane isabwa na NASA, DOD na FAA ikomeje kugenzurwa cyane mu kazi, kuko kugaragara kw'ibiyobyabwenge bishobora kugabanuka bihagije muri ibi bihe bigoye cyane kugira ngo bigabanye ibyago ku bakozi uko bishoboka kose.
“Amabwiriza n’amabwiriza byatanzwe bizarinda sosiyete kwandura methylene chloride,” nk’uko byatangajwe n’itangazo. “Ikigo gishinzwe kurengera ibidukikije, gikoresheje imyaka itandatu y’amakuru yerekeye uburozi, cyagaragaje ko hari ibigo bike bishobora guteza akaga ku baturage bazitiwe. Amabwiriza yatanzwe na EPA azarengera ikoreshwa rya methylene chloride muri byinshi muri ibyo bigo, mu by’ukuri bikaba bishobora guteza akaga ku baturage.”
Ibitekerezo ku itegeko ryatanzwe bizakirwa binyuze muri Federal Electronic Rulesmaking Portal kugeza ku ya 3 Nyakanga 2023, inomero yo kwinjiramo EPA-HQ-OPPT-2020-0465.
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Intego ya EHS On Tap ni ugutanga amakuru asobanutse, ajyanye n'ibyo ukora kuri podcast ku ngingo z'ingenzi ku bahanga mu bya EHS binyuze mu biganiro bishishikaje kandi bifite ubushishozi n'impuguke n'abayobozi b'ibitekerezo. Kurikira amakuru agezweho hanyuma wiyandikishe!