Ibisubizo by'ubushakashatsi bwakozwe n'itsinda rya Kaminuza ya Shanghai Jiaotong bigaragaza ko aside formike ari ikimenyetso cy'inkari gishobora kumenya indwara ya Alzheimer hakiri kare (AD). Ibyavuye mu bushakashatsi bishobora gutegurira inzira yo gusuzuma indwara y'inkari ku giciro gito kandi cyoroshye. Dr. Yifan Wang, Dr. Qihao Guo na bagenzi be basohoye inkuru ifite umutwe ugira uti “Isuzuma ry’aside formike mu nkari nk'ikimenyetso gishya cya Alzheimer” mu gitabo cyitwa Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience. Mu itangazo ryabo, abanditsi basoje bagira bati: “Aside formike mu nkari ifite ubushobozi bwo gusuzuma indwara ya Alzheimer hakiri kare… Kumenya ibimenyetso by'indwara ya Alzheimer mu nkari biroroshye kandi bihendutse. Igomba gushyirwa mu isuzuma risanzwe ry’abaganga ku bageze mu za bukuru.”
Abanditsi basobanura ko AD, ubwoko bukunze kugaragara bwa dementia, irangwa no kugabanuka k'ubushobozi bwo gutekereza no gukora ibintu mu buryo burambye. Ibintu by'ingenzi biranga AD birimo kwiyongera kudasanzwe kwa amyloid β (Aβ) yo hanze y'umubiri, kwiyongera kudasanzwe kwa tau tangles z'ubwonko, no kwangirika kwa synapse. Nyamara, itsinda ryakomeje rigira riti “impamvu AD itera ntabwo irasobanuka neza.”
Indwara ya Alzheimer ishobora kutamenyekana kugeza igihe itarakira. Abanditsi bavuga bati: “Ni indwara idakira kandi idakira, bivuze ko ishobora gukura no kumara imyaka myinshi mbere yuko ubumuga bwo mu mutwe bugaragara. Intambwe za mbere z’iyi ndwara ziba mbere y’icyiciro cya dementia idakira, ari na yo nzira nziza yo kuvura no kuyivura. Kubwibyo, gupima indwara ya Alzheimer mu bantu bageze mu za bukuru ni ngombwa.”
Nubwo gahunda zo gupima abantu benshi zifasha mu kumenya indwara hakiri kare, uburyo bwo gusuzuma ubu buragoye cyane kandi burahenze ku buryo busanzwe bwo gusuzuma. Positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CET) ishobora kumenya hakiri kare ko Aβ yinjijwe, ariko irahenze kandi igatuma abarwayi bahura n'imirasire y'izuba, mu gihe ibizamini bya biomarker bifasha mu gusuzuma indwara ya Alzheimer bisaba gukururwa amaraso cyangwa gupfumurwa mu ruhu kugira ngo haboneke amazi yo mu bwonko, ibyo bikaba bishobora kwanga abarwayi.
Abashakashatsi bavuga ko ubushakashatsi butandukanye bwagaragaje ko bishoboka gupima abarwayi ba AD mu nkari. Gupima inkari ntabwo ari ikintu gikoreshwa mu kuvura kandi byoroshye, bigatuma biba byiza mu gupima abantu benshi. Ariko nubwo abahanga mu bya siyansi babanje kugaragaza AD mu nkari, nta na kimwe gikwiriye mu gupima indwara mu ntangiriro, bivuze ko inzira nziza yo kuvura hakiri kare itaraboneka.
Wang na bagenzi be bigeze kwiga formaldehyde nk'ikimenyetso cy'inkari ku ndwara ya Alzheimer. Bagira bati: “Mu myaka ya vuba aha, imikorere idasanzwe ya formaldehyde yagaragaye nk'imwe mu bintu by'ingenzi biranga ubumuga bw'imitekerereze bushingiye ku gusaza.” “Inyigo yacu ya mbere yagaragaje isano iri hagati y'urugero rwa formaldehyde mu nkari n'imikorere y'ubwenge, bigaragaza ko formaldehyde mu nkari ari ikimenyetso gishobora gupimwa hakiri kare indwara ya AD.”
Ariko, hari umwanya wo kunoza ikoreshwa rya formaldehyde nk'ikimenyetso cy'indwara mu gupima indwara hakiri kare. Mu bushakashatsi bwabo buherutse gusohoka, itsinda ryibanze kuri formate, metabolite ya formaldehyde, kugira ngo barebe niba ikora neza nk'ikimenyetso cy'indwara.
Itsinda ry’ubushakashatsi ryari rigizwe n’abantu 574, barimo abarwayi ba Alzheimer bafite ubukana butandukanye, ndetse n’abitabiriye ubushakashatsi ku buzima busanzwe. Abashakashatsi basesenguye ingero z’inkari n’amaraso by’abitabiriye ubushakashatsi kugira ngo barebe itandukaniro riri mu bipimo by’inkari, banakora isuzuma ry’imitekerereze. Abitabiriye ubushakashatsi bagabanyijemo amatsinda atanu hashingiwe ku ndwara bapimwe: abantu 71, abantu 101, abantu 131 bafite ikibazo cyo kutamenya neza (CINM), abantu 158 bafite ikibazo cyo kutamenya neza (MCI), n’abantu 113 bafite ikibazo cyo kutamenya neza.
Ubushakashatsi bwagaragaje ko urugero rwa aside formike y'inkari rwari rwiyongereye cyane mu matsinda yose y'indwara ya Alzheimer kandi rufitanye isano no kugabanuka k'ubwenge ugereranije n'abashinzwe kugenzura ubuzima bwiza, harimo n'itsinda ryatangiye kugabanuka k'ubwenge. Ibi bigaragaza ko aside formike ishobora kuba ikimenyetso cy'ingenzi cy'indwara ya AD mu ntangiriro. Bagize bati: “Muri ubu bushakashatsi, twavuze ku nshuro ya mbere ko urugero rwa aside formike y'inkari ruhinduka bitewe n'igabanuka ry'ubwenge.” “Aside formike y'inkari yagaragaje ubushobozi budasanzwe mu gusuzuma AD. Byongeye kandi, aside formike y'inkari yiyongereye cyane mu itsinda rya SCD, bivuze ko aside formike y'inkari ishobora gukoreshwa mu gusuzuma AD hakiri kare.”
Igishimishije ni uko ubwo abashakashatsi basesenguraga urugero rw’inkari mu miterere yazo hamwe n’ibipimo bya Alzheimer mu maraso, basanze bashobora kumenya neza intambwe y’indwara mu barwayi. Ariko, hakenewe ubushakashatsi bw’inyongera kugira ngo hubahirizwe isano iri hagati y’indwara ya Alzheimer na aside formike.
Ariko, abanditsi basoje bagira bati: “Urugero rw’inkari na formaldehyde ntibishobora gukoreshwa gusa mu gutandukanya AD na NC, ahubwo binanongera uburyo bwo guhanura ibimenyetso by’indwara ya AD mu maraso.