Amakuru - Gushaka ibikomoka kuri lisansi ishingiye kuri karubone kugira ngo biteze imbere ubukungu bikomeje kongera ingano ya dioxyde de carbone (CO2) mu kirere. Nubwo hari gushyirwa imbaraga mu kugabanya imyuka ya CO2, ibi ntibigabanya ingaruka mbi za gaze iri mu kirere. Abashakashatsi rero batekereje uburyo bushya bwo gukoresha CO2 yo mu kirere bayihinduramo ibintu by'agaciro nka aside formique (HCOOH) na methanol. Kugabanya CO2 hakoreshejwe photocatalysts hakoreshejwe urumuri rugaragara nk'imashini itera imbaraga ni uburyo buzwi cyane bwo guhindura ibintu nk'ibyo.
Mu ivugururwa riheruka, ryagaragajwe mu kinyamakuru mpuzamahanga cya Angewandte Chemie cyo ku ya 8 Gicurasi 2023, Porofeseri Kazuhiko Maeda n'itsinda rye ry'ubushakashatsi mu Ishuri Rikuru ry'Ikoranabuhanga rya Tokyo bateye imbere cyane. Bashoboye gukora icyuma cya tin (Sn) cy'ubutare (MOF) giteza imbere uburyo bwo kugabanya CO2 mu buryo bw'ifotora. MOF iherutse gushyirwaho yitwa KGF-10 kandi formula yayo y'ubutabire ni [SnII2 (H3ttc)2.MeOH]n (H3ttc: aside trithiocyanuric, MeOH: methanol). Hakoreshejwe urumuri rugaragara, KGF-10 ihindura CO2 neza muri aside formike (HCOOH). Porofeseri Maeda yasobanuye ati: “Kugeza ubu, hamaze gukorwa ibyuma byinshi bikoresha fotokatalisiti bifasha kugabanya CO2 bishingiye ku byuma bidasanzwe kandi byiza. Ariko, guhuza imikorere ifata urumuri n'ingufu mu gice kimwe cya molekile kigizwe n'ibyuma byinshi biracyari ikibazo.” Bityo, Sn yagaragaye ko ari umukandida mwiza wo gutsinda izi mbogamizi ebyiri.”
MOF, zihuza ibyiza by'ibyuma n'ibikoresho by'umwimerere, zirimo gucukumburwa nk'uburyo bwo gusimbura fotokatalisiti gakondo ishingiye ku byuma bidasanzwe by'ubutaka. Sn, izwiho uruhare rubiri nk'umusemburo n'umuyoboro w'urumuri mu mikorere ya fotokatalisiti, ishobora kuba amahitamo meza ku fotokatalisiti zishingiye kuri MOF. Nubwo MOF zigizwe na zirconium, icyuma, na lisansi zakoreweho ubushakashatsi bwinshi, gusobanukirwa MOF zishingiye kuri Sn biracyari bike. Hakenewe ubundi bushakashatsi n'ubushakashatsi kugira ngo harebwe neza amahirwe n'ikoreshwa rya MOF zishingiye kuri Sn mu rwego rwa fotokatalisiti.
Kugira ngo bakore MOF KGF-10 ishingiye kuri tin, abashakashatsi bakoresheje H3ttc (aside trithiocyanuric), MeOH (methanol), na tin chloride nk'ibice bitangira. Bahisemo 1,3-dimethyl-2-phenyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-benzo[d]imidazole nk'umutanga electron n'isoko rya hydrogen. Nyuma yo gukora, KGF-10 yabonetse yakoreshejwe uburyo butandukanye bwo gusesengura. Ibi bizamini byagaragaje ko ibikoresho bifite ubushobozi bwo gushyiramo CO2 mu buryo buri hagati hamwe n'icyuho cya 2.5 eV kandi bikanafata neza mu rugero rw'uburebure bw'umurambararo rugaragara.
Bafite ubumenyi ku miterere y’ibintu bishya n’imiti, abahanga mu bya siyansi babikoresheje kugira ngo bafashe mu kugabanya dioxyde de carbone binyuze mu rumuri rugaragara. Icyagaragaye ni uko abashakashatsi basanze KGF-10 igera ku ihinduka rya CO2 kugira ngo ihindure (HCOO-) kugeza kuri 99% nta kintu na kimwe gifasha mu gupima imiterere y’izuba cyangwa catalyst. Byongeye kandi, KGF-10 yagaragaje umusaruro mwinshi udasanzwe wa quantum - igipimo cy’ubushobozi bwo gukoresha fotoni - ugera ku gaciro ka 9.8% kuri 400 nm. Icyagaragaye ni uko isesengura ry’imiterere ryakozwe mu gihe cyo gupima imiterere y’izuba ryagaragaje ko KGF-10 ihinduka mu miterere kugira ngo ifashe mu kugabanya imiterere y’izuba.
Ubu bushakashatsi bw’ingenzi bugaragaza KGF-10 ikoze mu ibati ifite ubushobozi bwo hejuru kandi idakeneye ibyuma byiza nk'ishingiro ry’inzira imwe mu kugabanya CO2 kugira ngo ihinduke hakoreshejwe urumuri rugaragara. Imiterere itangaje ya KGF-10 yagaragajwe muri ubu bushakashatsi ishobora guhindura ikoreshwa ryayo nk'imashini ikoresha imirasire y'izuba mu bikorwa bitandukanye, harimo no kugabanya CO2 ikoreshwa n'izuba. Porofeseri Maeda asoza agira ati: “Ibisubizo byacu bigaragaza ko MOF zishobora kuba urubuga rwo guteza imbere ubushobozi bwo gukoresha imirasire y'izuba hakoreshejwe ibyuma bidafite uburozi, bihendutse kandi byinshi biboneka ku Isi, akenshi bikaba ari imiterere y'ibyuma binini. Ntibishoboka kugerwaho.” Ubu buvumbuzi bufungura amahirwe mashya, imiterere mishya mu rwego rwa fotokatalize kandi bugatanga inzira yo gukoresha umutungo w’Isi mu buryo burambye kandi bunoze.
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