Formate ishobora kubonwa nk'inkingi y'ubukungu bushingiye ku miterere ya karuboni, ikorwa muri CO2 hakoreshejwe uburyo bwa elegitoroniki (electro) chemical hanyuma igahindurwamo ibicuruzwa byongerewe agaciro hakoreshejwe enzyme cascades cyangwa microorganisms zakozwe. Intambwe y'ingenzi mu kwagura uburyo bwo kwinjiza formate ya sintetike ni ukugabanya formaldehyde mu buryo buhanitse, aha bigaragara nk'impinduka z'ibara ry'umuhondo. Ifoto: Ikigo cy'Ubushakashatsi ku Bidukikije byo ku Isi Max Planck / Geisel.
Abahanga mu bya siyansi bo mu kigo cya Max Planck Institute bakoze inzira y’imikorere y’umubiri ihindura dioxyde de carbone mo formaldehyde bakoresheje aside formike, itanga uburyo bwo gukora ibikoresho by’agaciro butagira karubone.
Uburyo bushya bwa anabolic bwo gushyiramo dioxyde de carbone ntabwo bufasha gusa kugabanya urugero rwa dioxyde de carbone mu kirere, ahubwo bushobora no gusimbuza ikorwa ry’imiti n’ibintu bikora mu buryo busanzwe hamwe n’imikorere ya biyoloji idafite karubone. Ubushakashatsi bushya bwerekana uburyo aside formike ishobora gukoreshwa mu guhindura dioxyde de carbone mo ibintu bifite agaciro mu nganda zikora biokemike.
Bitewe n’ubwiyongere bw’ibyuka bihumanya ikirere, gukusanya karuboni cyangwa gukusanya karuboni dioxyde de carbone biva mu bicuruzwa binini bihumanya ikirere ni ikibazo gikomeye. Mu bisanzwe, ubwiyongere bwa karuboni dioxyde de carbone bumaze imyaka miliyoni, ariko imbaraga zayo ntizihagije na gato kugira ngo zihuze n’ibyuka bihumanya ikirere biva mu bantu.
Abashakashatsi bayobowe na Tobias Erb wo mu Kigo cy’Ubushakashatsi ku Binyabuzima byo ku Isi. Max Planck yakoresheje ibikoresho karemano kugira ngo ateze imbere uburyo bushya bwo gusana dioxyde de carbone. Ubu batsinze mu guteza imbere inzira y’ubukorano ikora formaldehyde ikora cyane iva muri aside formic, ishobora kuba urwego rushoboka muri fotosine y’ubukorano. Formaldehyde ishobora kwinjira mu buryo butaziguye mu nzira nyinshi z’ubukorano kugira ngo ikore ibindi bintu by’agaciro nta ngaruka mbi. Kimwe no mu buryo karemano, ibintu bibiri by’ingenzi birakenewe: ingufu na karubone. Icya mbere gishobora gutangwa atari ku zuba ryinshi gusa, ahubwo no ku mashanyarazi - urugero, imirasire y’izuba.
Mu ruhererekane rw'agaciro, amasoko ya karuboni arahinduka. Diyokiside karuboni si yo yonyine ikoreshwa hano, turimo kuvuga ku bintu byose bya karuboni ku giti cyabyo (ibintu byubatse C1): monokiside karuboni, aside formike, formaldehyde, methanol na methane. Ariko, hafi ya byose muri ibi bintu ni uburozi bukomeye, haba ku binyabuzima (monoksidide karuboni, formaldehyde, methanol) ndetse no ku isi (methane nk'umwuka uhumanya ikirere). Ni nyuma yuko aside formike ihinduwe ishingiro ryayo gusa, aho uturemangingo twinshi twihanganira ubwinshi bwayo.
“Aside formike ni isoko nziza cyane ya karuboni,” ibi ni ibyashimangiwe na Maren Nattermann, umwanditsi wa mbere w’ubushakashatsi. “Ariko kuyihindura formaldehyde muri vitro bisaba ingufu nyinshi.” Ibi biterwa nuko formate, umunyu wa formate, idahinduka formaldehyde byoroshye. “Hari imbogamizi ikomeye ya shimi hagati y’izi molekile ebyiri, kandi mbere yuko dukora reaction nyayo, tugomba kuyitsinda twifashishije ingufu za biochemical – ATP.”
Intego y'abashakashatsi kwari ugushaka uburyo buhendutse. N'ubundi kandi, ingufu nke zisabwa kugira ngo karubone ikoreshwe mu mikorere y'umubiri, niko ingufu nyinshi zishobora gukoreshwa mu gutera imbaraga mu gukura cyangwa gukora. Ariko nta buryo nk'ubwo buriho muri kamere. “Kuvumbura enzymes zitwa hybrid zifite imirimo myinshi byasabye guhanga udushya,” uyu ni Tobias Erb. “Ariko, kuvumbura enzymes zisanzwe ni intangiriro gusa. Turimo kuvuga ku bikorwa bishobora kubarwa hamwe kuko bigenda buhoro cyane—hari igihe, hari ingaruka nkeya kuri imwe kuri buri segonda kuri buri enzyme. Ibikorwa karemano bishobora gukomeza ku muvuduko wihuta inshuro igihumbi.” Aha niho biochimie y’ubukorano igaragara, nk'uko Maren Nattermann abivuga: “Niba uzi imiterere n'imikorere ya enzyme, uzi aho ugomba kwivanga. Byagize akamaro kanini.”
Kunoza enzyme bikubiyemo uburyo butandukanye: guhinduranya ibyuma byihariye, gukora impinduka mu buryo butunguranye, no guhitamo ubushobozi. “Formate na formaldehyde byombi birakwiriye cyane kuko bishobora kwinjira mu nkuta z’uturemangingo. Dushobora kongeramo formatte mu buryo bwo gukusanya imiterere y’uturemangingo, butanga enzyme ihindura formaldehyde ivamo ibara ry’umuhondo ritari uburozi nyuma y’amasaha make,” Maren yavuze. Nattermann yasobanuye.
Ibisubizo mu gihe gito nk'iki ntibyari gushoboka iyo hatabaho gukoresha uburyo bwo gukora ibintu byinshi. Kugira ngo babigereho, abashakashatsi bafatanyije n'umufatanyabikorwa w'inganda Festo i Esslingen, mu Budage. Maren Nattermann agira ati: “Nyuma y'uburyo bugera ku 4.000 butandukanye, twongereye umusaruro wacu inshuro enye. Bityo, twashyizeho ishingiro ry'ikura ry'uturemangingo tw'icyitegererezo E. coli, imikorere ya mikorobe mu ikoranabuhanga rya biotechnology, kuri aside formike. Ariko, muri iki gihe, uturemangingo twacu dushobora gukora formaldehyde gusa kandi ntidushobora gukomeza guhinduka.”
Ku bufatanye na mugenzi we Sebastian Wink wo mu Kigo cy’Ubushakashatsi bw’Ibimera (Institute of Plant Molecular Physiology). Abashakashatsi ba Max Planck ubu barimo gukora ubwoko bushobora gufata ibice bihuza n’ibice bishya no kubinjiza mu mikorere y’umubiri. Muri icyo gihe, itsinda ririmo gukora ubushakashatsi ku ihinduka rya dioxyde de carbone muri aside formic hamwe n’itsinda rishinzwe ivugururwa ry’ingufu za chimique. Max Planck ayobowe na Walter Leitner. Intego y’igihe kirekire ni "urubuga rumwe rukwiranye na byose" kuva kuri dioxyde de carbone ikorwa n’imikorere ya electrobiochemical kugera ku bicuruzwa nka insuline cyangwa biodiesel.
Incamake: Maren Nattermann, Sebastian Wenk, Pascal Pfister, Hai He, Seung Hwang Lee, Witold Szymanski, Nils Guntermann, Faiying Zhu “Iterambere ry’uruhererekane rushya rwo guhindura formate ishingiye kuri phosphate muri formaldehyde muri vitro na in vivo”, Lennart Nickel. , Charlotte Wallner, Jan Zarzycki, Nicole Pachia, Nina Gaisert, Giancarlo Francio, Walter Leitner, Ramon Gonzalez, na Tobias J. Erb, 9 Gicurasi 2023, Nature Communications.DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38072-w
SciTechDaily: Urugo rw'amakuru meza y'ikoranabuhanga kuva mu 1998. Komeza umenye amakuru agezweho y'ikoranabuhanga ukoresheje imeri cyangwa imbuga nkoranyambaga. > Incamake ya imeri hamwe n'iyandikisha ry'ubuntu
Abashakashatsi bo muri Cold Spring Harbor Laboratories basanze SRSF1, poroteyine igenga uburyo RNA igenda yiyongera, iri mu ihinduka ry’imisemburo mu maraso.