Dukurikije ihame ryanyu ry’ “ubuziranenge, ubufasha, imikorere n’iterambere”, ubu twabonye icyizere n’ishimwe bivuye ku bakiriya bo mu gihugu no mu mahanga kubera ubwiza bw’inganda zitanga amashanyarazi, ubuziranenge n’ibiciro bishimishije bituma ibicuruzwa byacu byishimira kuba ahantu heza hose mu ijambo.
Dukurikije ihame ryawe ry’ “ubuziranenge, ubufasha, imikorere n’iterambere”, ubu twabonye icyizere n’ishimwe bivuye ku bakiriya bo mu gihugu no mu mahanga kubera ko ari bo ba mbere mu ruganda rwacu, uruhererekane rwacu rw’ibisubizo rwageragejwe kandi ruduha impamyabumenyi z’uburambe. Ku bindi bipimo n’ibisobanuro birambuye ku rutonde rw’ibicuruzwa, kanda kuri buto kugira ngo ubone andi makuru.














5. Ibizamini:
1. Aside Formike:
a. Uburyo: Pima garama 5 z'icyitegererezo (ukoresheje uburyo bwa tekiniki) mu gikombe cya mililitiro 100. Shyiramo ibitonyanga 2 by'umuti w'ikimenyetso cya phenolphthalein hanyuma uvange n'umuti wa NaOH 2 N kugeza igihe hagaragaye ibara ry'umutuku. Shyira umwuka mu mazi kugeza ku gice cy'ingano y'umwimerere. Konjesha, shyiramo aside ukoresheje mililitiro 5 za HCl yashyizwemo, hanyuma ushyire mu gipimo cy'umuti mu icupa rya iyode rya mililitiro 250 ririmo mililitiro 50 z'amazi na mililitiro 50 z'umuti wa NaBrO 0.1 N. Shyiramo neza, uvange neza, hanyuma ureke bihagarare iminota 30. Ongeraho mililitiro 15 z'umuti wa KI wa 16.5%, mililitiro 20 za HCl 6 N, na mililitiro 2 z'umuti w'ikimenyetso cya sitashi. Shyiramo umuti wa Na₂S₂O₃ 0.1 N kugeza igihe ibara ry'ubururu rizimiye (aho rigarukira). Kora ikizamini cy'ubusa icyarimwe.
b. Kubara: (ml y'impapuro zitarimo ikintu – Urugero rwa ml) × 0.1 (Ubusanzwe) × 0.02301 = garama za HCOOH
c. Acetic y'ibara rya glacial Icyitonderwa: Gushyushya mu bwogero bw'amazi nyuma yo kongeramo NaOH bigamije gushonga no gukuraho acetaldehyde, ibyo bikaba byatera umusaruro mwiza. Acetic y'ibara rya glacial.
2. Asetalidehide:
a. Uburyo: Pima garama 10 za aside acetic glacial (ukoresheje uburyo bwa tekiniki) mu icupa rya iyode rya mililitiro 250. Shyiramo mililitiro 50 z'amazi, hanyuma ushyiremo mililitiro 10 z'umuti wa NaHSO₃ wa 4% mu icupa. Hitamo neza, uzunguze, hanyuma ureke bihagarare iminota 30. Shyiramo mililitiro 2 z'umuti wa sitashi hanyuma ushyiremo umuti wa iyode wa 0.1 N kugeza igihe hagaragaye ibara ry'ubururu (aho bigarukira). Kora ikizamini cy'ubusa icyarimwe.
b. Kubara: (ml idafite ikintu – Urugero rwa ml) × 0.1 (Ubusanzwe) × 0.02203 = garama za CH₃CHO
6. Gutegura Reagent:
Umuti wa 0.1 N Sodium Hypobromite (NaBrO): Ongeramo 2.8 ml ya bromine muri 500 ml y'amazi. Ongeramo 100 ml ya 2 N NaOH hanyuma uvange kugeza ishonge. Shyiramo amazi kuri 1000 ml kugira ngo ubone umuti wa 0.1 N NaBrO.
6. Gutegura Reagent ya Glacial Acetic yo mu rwego rwo hejuru:
Umuti wa 0.1 N Sodium Hypobromite (NaBrO): Ongeramo 2.8 ml ya bromine muri 500 ml y'amazi. Ongeramo 100 ml ya 2 N NaOH hanyuma uvange kugeza ishonge. Shyiramo amazi kuri 1000 ml kugira ngo ubone umuti wa 0.1 N NaBrO.